Physics - Subject 3: Waves and Wave Properties

Fill-in-the-blank practice flashcards covering basic wave properties, phase/path difference, oscilloscope measurements, intensity relationships, and wave classification based on the lecture.

Waves transfer energy without transferring __________.

matter

The maximum displacement of a wave from its position of equilibrium is known as its __________.

amplitude

The distance between consecutive identical points on a wave, such as two peaks or two troughs, is the __________.

wavelength

The time taken for one complete vibration or for one wave to pass a given point is called the __________.

time period

The number of complete vibrations or waves passing a given point per second is the __________.

frequency

The SI unit used to measure wave frequency is the __________.

hertz ($Hz$)

The relationship between frequency ($f$) and time period ($T$) is expressed by the equation $f = \frac{1}{\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_}$.

$$T$$

The wave speed ($v$) is equal to the product of its wavelength ($\frac{}{}$) and its __________.

frequency ($f$)

Phase difference describes the difference in position within a cycle between two waves or parts of a wave and is expressed in degrees or __________.

radians

A change in phase of a full wavelength ($\frac{}{}$) corresponds to an angle of $360^\top$ or __________ radians.

$$2\frac{}{}$$

Two points on a wave with a phase difference of $180^\top$ or $\frac{}{} \text{ radians}$ are described as being in __________.

antiphase

Points on a wave with a phase difference of $360^\top$ or $0^\top$ are described as being in __________.

phase

On an oscilloscope (CRO), the Y-gain (voltage gain) controls the scale of the vertical axis and is measured in __________ per division.

volts

On an oscilloscope (CRO), the horizontal axis scale is controlled by the __________ setting.

time base

To calculate the amplitude of a sound wave signal from a CRO screen in volts, multiply the vertical displacement in divisions by the __________.

Y-gain (voltage gain)

To determine the wave period ($T$) from a CRO screen, multiply the peak-to-peak horizontal distance in divisions by the __________.

time base

The intensity ($I$) of a progressive wave is defined as the energy transferred per unit time per unit area, which equals power divided by __________.

surface area ($S$)

The standard unit of measurement for wave intensity $I$ is __________.

$$W my^{-2}$$

Wave intensity $I$ is directly proportional to the square of the wave's __________.

amplitude ($a$)

For a spherical wave source, wave intensity $I$ is inversely proportional to the square of the __________ from the source.

distance (or radius $r$)

In a __________ wave, the direction of particle oscillation is perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer.

transverse

In a __________ wave, the direction of particle oscillation is parallel to the direction of energy transfer.

longitudinal

A region in a longitudinal wave where particles are close together with high pressure and density is called a __________.

compression

A region in a longitudinal wave where particles are spread far apart with low pressure and density is called a __________.

rarefaction

In a transverse wave moving to the right, a particle passing through its equilibrium position moving upwards has __________ vertical speed.

maximum

At the crests and troughs of a transverse wave, the vertical speed of oscillating particles is __________.

zero

If the distance between two points $P$ and $Q$ on a longitudinal wave represents half a wavelength ($l = \frac{\frac{}{}}{2}$), the frequency is given by $f = \frac{v}{\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_}$.

$$2l$$

If the amplitude of a wave is increased by a factor of $1.5$, its intensity will increase by a factor of __________.

$$2.25$$

Moving a microphone closer to a sound source causes the amplitude displayed on the oscilloscope screen to __________.

increase