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Three Jewels
Central teachings of Buddhism - Buddha, Dharma, Sangha.
Buddha
Figure not worshipped as a god, founder of Buddhism, achieved enlightenment under the Bodhi tree.
Dharma
Teachings of Buddha, path to enlightenment and liberation from suffering.
Sangha
Importance of community in Buddhism, preserving and practicing the teachings of Buddha.
Samsara
Cycle of reincarnation in Buddhism, influenced by Karma and Dharma teachings.
Nirvana
State of complete peace and nothingness, goal of achieving enlightenment in Buddhism.
Four Noble Truths
Foundation of Buddhist teachings - life is suffering, caused by desire, can cease, solution is the Noble Eightfold Path.
Noble Eightfold Path
Eight principles to achieve enlightenment in Buddhism, including Right View, Right Thought, Right Speech, Right Action, Right Livelihood, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, Right Concentration.
Five Precepts
Fundamental ethical guidelines for all Buddhists, including not taking life, not stealing, not engaging in sexual misconduct, not lying, not consuming intoxicants.
Thervada
Oldest form of Buddhism, emphasizes individual enlightenment, present in Cambodia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand.
Mahayana
Focuses on enlightenment for all beings, includes Bodhisattvas, present in China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan.
Vajrayana
Common in Tibet, focuses on harnessing life energies for enlightenment, led by the Dalai Lama.
Mandalas
Geometric shapes used in meditation and prayer in Buddhism.
Mantra
Repeated phrase used in meditation, e.g., Om.
Mudra
Hand movements used in prayer and meditation in Buddhism.
Sangha
Community of Buddhist practitioners preserving and teaching the Dharma.
Vesak
Buddhist festival celebrating the birth of Buddha, involves offerings and decorations in temples.
Dalai Lama
Spiritual leader of Tibetan Buddhists, promotes kindness, compassion, and internal strength.
Desmond Tutu
Anglican priest from South Africa, advocate against Apartheid, led Truth and Reconciliation Commission.
Yama
Connects to Hinduism, controls Samsara and the heavenly realm in Buddhist belief.