liver disease

What organ is vital for maintaining overall health and has over 400 functions?

The liver.

What percentage of our resting cardiac output does the liver receive?

25%.

What are the two sources of blood supply to the liver?

Hepatic artery (oxygenated) and portal vein (deoxygenated).

What is the functional unit of the liver called?

Lobule.

What does the liver primarily detoxify?

Harmful substances from the blood.

What does the liver convert ammonia into?

Urea.

What is the name of the condition characterized by the inflammation of the liver?

Hepatitis.

What are the most prevalent forms of viral hepatitis?

Hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E.

What is a common symptom of acute hepatitis?

Fatigue.

What causes jaundice in hepatitis patients?

The accumulation of bilirubin in the blood.

What is the primary treatment goal for patients with hepatitis?

Rest and reduction of metabolic demands on the liver.

What can chronic hepatitis lead to?

Cirrhosis or liver cancer.

What is the preteric phase of hepatitis also known as?

Prodromal phase.

Which hepatitis type is most commonly transmitted through fecal-oral routes?

Hepatitis A.

What is a potential serious complication of hepatitis C?

Cirrhosis.

What is the incubation period for Hepatitis B?

25 to 180 days.

What type of hepatitis can only occur in the presence of Hepatitis B?

Hepatitis D.

What is the recommended diet for someone with hepatitis?

High carb, low fat, low protein.

What liver function aids in fat absorption and digestion?

Bile production.

Which population is at the highest risk for developing Hepatitis B?

IV drug users and healthcare personnel.

What substance in the liver helps to prevent fluid leakage from blood vessels?

Albumin.

What screening method is used for Hepatitis C detection?

ALT, AST liver enzymes and HCV RNA.

What complication does Hepatitis C typically lead to if untreated?

Chronic liver disease.

What type of immunity can a Hepatitis A vaccine provide?

Active immunity against Hepatitis A.

What is an important nursing intervention for patients with hepatitis?

Educate about hand hygiene and avoiding alcohol.

What is the term for the phase when jaundice becomes apparent in hepatitis patients?

Icteric phase.

In what part of the body is the liver primarily located?

Right upper quadrant.

What are Kupffer cells?

Phagocytic cells in the liver that help remove waste and toxins.

What laboratory test indicates an active Hepatitis A infection?

IgM antibodies.

How can Hepatitis E be prevented?

Strict hand washing and good sanitation.

What does interventional therapy for Hepatitis B include?

Interferon alpha medication.

What do we call the backup of blood in the liver caused by heart failure?

Congestive hepatopathy.

After what time period does acute hepatitis become chronic?

More than six months.

What lifestyle change is important for managing hepatitis?

Avoiding alcoholic beverages.

How can bilirubin be excreted from the body?

Through bile or urine.

How does the liver contribute to glucose metabolism?

It regulates glucose levels and stores glycogen.

What is the purpose of liver biopsy in hepatitis patients?

To stage and grade liver damage.

What crucial role does the liver play in the immune system?

It produces immune factor proteins and eliminates bacteria.

What lifestyle factors increase the risk for Hepatitis B and C?

Intravenous drug use and unprotected sexual contact.

What organ or part sends blood to the liver from the spleen?

Hepatic portal vein.

What causes increased capillary permeability during hepatitis?

Inflammation.

What medical condition can prolonged hepatitis lead to?

Liver cancer.

What is the term for the backup of blood through the hepatic portal vein?

Portal hypertension.

What is the importance of the dual blood supply to the liver?

It helps maintain oxygen and nutrient availability.

What is the best method for preventing Hepatitis A among healthcare workers?

Vaccination and good hygiene.

In what condition may the liver size become enlarged and palpable?

Advanced liver disease.

What hormone works alongside glucagon and is produced by the pancreas?

Insulin.

What are some signs that indicate liver dysfunction?

Fatigue, jaundice, abdominal pain.

What are the consequences of a lack of blood flow to the liver lobules?

Cellular death and potential liver failure.

Why is patient education essential for those diagnosed with hepatitis?

To prevent transmission and promote health management.

What is a common symptom seen in patients with cirrhosis?

Ascites.

What happens to liver function as a person ages?

It decreases.

What role does the liver have in lipid metabolism?

It produces and regulates cholesterol and triglycerides.

How is Hepatitis C primarily transmitted?

Blood-to-blood contact.

What condition is characterized by scarring of the liver due to inflammation?

Cirrhosis.

What type of preventive measures are important for Hepatitis E?

Safe water and sanitation practices.

What laboratory tests are performed to assess liver enzymes?

ALT and AST tests.

What is critical to monitor when a patient has hepatitis?

Liver function tests.

What is the primary function of bile produced by the liver?

Aid in fat absorption.

What symptom occurs when the liver fails to effectively clear toxins?

Toxin buildup leading to further liver damage.

What chronic condition can result due to long-term Hepatitis B infection?

Liver cirrhosis.

How is Hepatitis D transmitted?

Requires co-infection with Hepatitis B virus.

What are the immediate priorities for a patient with acute hepatitis?

Rest and hydration.

What does an elevation of bilirubin levels indicate in hepatitis patients?

Increased breakdown of red blood cells and potential liver dysfunction.

What can result from an accumulation of toxins in the liver?

Liver failure or encephalopathy.

What is the relationship between hepatitis and inflammation?

Hepatitis causes inflammation of liver tissue.

What are common dietary recommendations for a patient with hepatitis?

Small, frequent meals and increased fluids.

What mechanism helps the liver filter and neutralize toxins?

Phagocytosis by Kupffer cells.

What test indicates recovery from Hepatitis A?

Positive IgG antibodies.

Which type of hepatitis is known to resolve on its own and not become chronic?

Hepatitis A.

What is a significant risk for patients undergoing treatment for Hepatitis C?

Potential drug toxicity due to liver impairment.

What can result from the breakdown of old red blood cells in the liver?

Formation of bilirubin.

What is importante in preventing Hepatitis A during international travel?

Vaccination against Hepatitis A.

What is the pathophysiological impact of hepatitis on liver lobules?

Swelling and obstruction of blood flow.

What aspect of liver function is affected by cirrhosis?

Detoxification and metabolic processes.

What is a related complication of chronic liver disease?

Portal hypertension.

What causes the yellowing of skin and eyes in jaundice?

Buildup of bilirubin in the bloodstream.

How does viral hepatitis begin its inflammatory response?

The introduction of the virus leads to liver inflammation.

What dietary modification is recommended for hepatitis patients?

Avoiding high-fat and high-protein foods.

What test is used to check for Hepatitis B?

HBsAg blood test.

What role does the liver play in the formation of clotting factors?

Synthesizes proteins necessary for blood coagulation.