Atomic Structure Chem Quiz

Absorption

a bulk process where atoms, ions, or molecules of a substance penetrate and disperse throughout the interior volume of another substance

Emission

the process by which an atom, ion, or molecule releases energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation (such as light or photons) as its electrons fall from a higher energy state back down to a lower energy state

Ground state         

the lowest possible energy state of an atom, molecule, or ion

 Excited state      

a quantum state of an atom, ion, or molecule that has a higher energy level than its lowest-energy baseline

Atom

the smallest basic unit of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element

Nucleus

the small, dense, positively charged center of an atom made up of protons and neutrons

Proton

proton is a stable subatomic particle with a positive electric charge of \(+1e\) (elementary charge) found inside the nucleus of every atom. [1, 2]

Electron

a stable, negatively charged subatomic particle that orbits the nucleus of an atom

Neutron

a subatomic particle with no electric charge (neutral) that resides in the nucleus of an atom alongside protons

Atomic Number

the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom

Mass Number

the total number of protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus

Isotope

a variant of a chemical element that has the same number of protons and electrons, but a different number of neutrons in its nucleus

Ion

an atom or molecule that has a net electrical charge because it has lost or gained one or more electrons

Cation

a positively charged ion that forms when an atom or molecule loses one or more electrons, leaving it with more protons than electrons

Anion

a negatively charged ion formed when an atom or molecule gains one or more electrons