GRAM POSITIVE DIVERSITY

low GC species

phylum firmicutes

high GC species

phylum actinobacteria

how many hydrogen bonds do GC base pairs have

3

how many hydrogen bonds do AT base pairs have

2

are GC or AT base pairs are more stable

GC base pairs

“spore forming” gram-positive bacteria

phylum firmicutes

what genus is phylum firmicutes in

genus clostridium

what type of bacteria is phylum firmicutes

obligate anaerobe

what do C.botulinum endospore do when under stress conditions

start sporulation by initiating asymmetric division

what does the newly emerged forespore do during endospore formation

it gets engulfed by the parent cell

how is the cortex formed

it is formed around the forespore

how is the coat formed

starts depositioning from mother cell membranes

what happens after maturation of the endospore

the mother cell lysis to release the spore

what does the spore do when under favorable conditions

the spore germinates

what is the agent of foodborne botulism

clostridium botulinum

where is clostridium botulinum common found

in the environment/soil

ideal conditions of clostridium botulinum

anarobic and nutrient rich

what bacterium produces a powerful neurotoxin that inhibits muscle contraction

vegetative C.botulinum

70% of botulism cases affect who

infants; exposed to endospores or toxin

30% of botulism cases affect who

everyone else; exposed to ingestion of toxin