ENS chapter 11

Hydrologic cycle

Evaporation, Precipitation, Condensation, Transpiration

Groundwater does what?

stores massive amounts of water

ground water zones and what is each one? hint: ZWZ

Zone of Aeration (shallow layer of soil), Water table (top of saturation), Zone of saturation (lower soil layer)

Water usage agriculture, industry, and resdiential %

Agriculture 75% industry 20% residential 5%

what is virtaul water

water that is used to prouduce products

What are cooling plants?

biggest single industrial use of water

what is hydraulic fracking

one well uses 4-6 gallons of water

What is subsidence

shrinking of ground

Freshwater creation 3 things

1.dams

2. Desalinate

3. conservation

drawbacks of desalination

expensive,harms marine organims, energy consumption

what is water privatiztion

companies take ownership of public water supply

examples of water conservation

xeriscraping, reduction of lush lawns, shorter showers

what is a point source

discharge pollution from specidic pipes (easy to determine) who is responsible

Non point sources are

no specific location ( not easy to tell) broad

Coliform bacteria testing

pathogens usually present

Dissolved oxygen does

levels are measured to compare water quality

Biochemincal oxygen demand is

amount of DO consumed by aquatic microrganims.

oxygen sag zones. hint; CDSRC

Clean zone (do) - decomp zone (do) - septic zone 0-2 ppm) -recovery zone (2-5 ppm) - clean zone (5-10 ppm)

Oligotrophic is

little , trophic=nutrients

euthrophic is

eu=trophic, well nurished

what are inorganic pollutants

metals, salts, and acids

sediment does what

provides nutrients for surrounding areas/rivers - can be bad if all released at once

thermal pollution is

alter water temp - usually effulent from cooling systems of power plants ,

Municipal treatment 4 steps hint: PPST

Pre-treatment:, Primary Treatment:,Secondary Treatment:, Tertiary Treatment:

what do the 4 municipal steps do

1. Pre-treatment: Removes large objects and solids

2. Primary Treatment: Uses settling tanks t

3. Secondary Treatment: Uses bacteria to break down dissolved waste.

4. Tertiary Treatment: Removes nutrients and metals,

what is wetland waste treatment system

designed to filter and decompose greywater

what is bioremediation

natural way to clean contained water effectively by using living organisms.

what is clean water act

Made water pollution illegal without a permit,

set wastewater standards, and funded sewage treatment plants. Reduced funding, led to 100,000+ violations.

what system did the clean water act establish

National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (N P D E S), -

which requires an easily revoked permit for any industry