BIOM) UNIT 1, SUBSET 2

Adenine

A purine component of nucleic acids found in DNA and RNA and in the energy molecule, ATP.

Blood Plasma

Pale, yellow liquid that makes up 55% of blood that consists of water & dissolved substances. Transports nutrients, blood cells, hormones, etc to tissues & waste products to organs (liver, kidney)

Cell

Smallest unit of Life

Cytosine

Pyrimidine component of nucleic acids

Electrophoresis

Separation of charged biological molecules by electric current in gel matrix

Erythrocyte

Hemoglobin (protein that binds to o2) rich red blood cells that transports o2 from lungs to body & carbon dioxide waste to lungs. Erythrocytes give the red color to vertebrate blood & does not contain nuclei.

Eukaryotic

Cells that contain membrane-bound organelles

Guanine

Purine component of nucleic acids

Histone

A protein that DNA winds around to condense into chromosome

Leukocytes

One of many blood cells that lack hemoglobin but have nuclei. This blood cell is active in the immune system and protects against viruses, invaders, and diseases. (Lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils)

Nucleotide

Monomer of nucleic acids that include a 5-Carbon sugar group covalently binded to phosphate group and nitrogen base.

Organelle

Tiny structures that perform a function in a cell: producing energy, housing dna, packaging protein

Prokaryotic Cells

Cells that lack membrane-bound organelles: unicellular organisms

Purine

Aromatic, heterocyclic organic compound formed by a pyrimidine ring fused to imidazole ring

Pyrimidine

Aromatic, heterocyclic organic compound

Ribosome

Cell organelle that functions as site of protein synthesis in cytoplasm & roughER; consists of two subunits of rRNA & amino acids

Thrombocyte

A minute, colorless anucleate (no nuclei) disk-like body of mammalian blood that creates blood clots to prevent bleeding by adhering to damaged epithelium & other platelets

Uracil

A pyrimidine component of nucleic acid, RNA

ABO System

A blood typing system that categorized blood based on their present antigens into A, B, AB, and O

Antigens

Molecules on Red blood cells that stimulate an immune response/ immune system recognizes

Antibodies

Compounds in plasma that attaches to specific antigen (protects body against unrecognized antigens)

Which Blood type is the Universal Recipient

AB- Has no antibodies so the body can take any kind of blood (antibodies don’t unrecognize any antigens)

Which blood type is the universal red blood cell donor?

O- This type has no antigens on their RBCs, so recipient’s antibodies will not reject any antigens (there are none)

Which blood type is the universal plasma donor?

AB- They have no antibodies, so their body doesn't ‘attack’ against any kind of antigen for recipients

What is Agglutination?

The clumping of blood caused by the mixture of specific antigen & its corresponding antibody (ex: A-antigen & anti A antibody; antibody attacks antigen and causes clumping)