Module 1: Photography as a Profession & History of Photography

Practice fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering the history, definition, legal principles, types, and functions of photography and photojournalism.

The word photography is derived from two Greek words: photos, meaning light, and graphein, meaning __________.

to draw

In 1832, French-Brazilian inventor __________ studied methods to permanently fix pin-hole camera images and named the process "photographia".

Hercules Florence

The term photography was coined in 1839 by __________, meaning writing with light.

Sir John F.W. Herschel

According to Spencer (1973), photography creates durable images chemically via light-sensitive material or electronically by means of a(n) __________.

image sensor

A(n) __________ photograph is an arranged photograph in which the subject is fully conscious of the camera and has planned for the picture.

Aware

A photograph where the subject continually adjusts their posture due to the cameraman's presence but does not know the exact moment the shutter will click is termed a(n) __________ photograph.

Semi-Aware

A factual, unarranged photograph that captures events as they happen without prior staging is called a(n) __________ photograph.

Candid

During the fifth century BC in China, __________ observed that light passing through a pinhole onto a dark surface formed an inverted duplicate image.

Mo Ti

The oldest surviving permanent photograph made in a camera was created in 1827 on a polished plate by Joseph Nicephore Niepce and was termed a(n) __________ or Sun Print.

Heliograph

In 1839, __________ created a photographic portrait of his sister Anna Katherine Draper.

Joseph Draper

In Louis Daguerre's daguerreotype process, images were fixed on a sheet of polished silver-plated copper that had been made light-sensitive by exposure to __________.

iodine

After exposing the sensitized plate to light, Louis Daguerre stabilized the image by washing the plate in a solution of __________.

silver chloride

Following the sale of the daguerreotype process to the French government in 1839, popularity surged, resulting in over __________ studios in New York City alone by 1850.

seventy

Before dry glass plates were developed, wet plate photography required photographers in the field to transport a portable __________ to develop emulsions before they dried.

darkroom

A rich visual history of Nigeria featuring late 19th- to early 20th-century postcards, albums, and glass plate negatives is preserved in the __________ Photographic Archives.

Eliot Elisof on

Early Nigerian photographer __________ produced historic photographs whose works were preserved locally and remained largely unknown to Western audiences.

Solomon Osagie Alonge

This postcard titled "Types of the Lagos Fire Brigade" (c. 1905) was produced by the photographer __________.

Neils Walwin Holm

This c. 1897 collotype postcard depicts the exiled ruler __________, former King of Benin City, seated in Old Calabar.

Oba Ovonramwen

This hand-colored collotype postcard depicting Breadfruit Street in Lagos (c. 1910) was published by __________.

Comptoirs Henri Dupuy

The postcard "A jolly ride at the Lagos Race Course during the holiday" (c. 1910) was captured by __________, photographer-in-chief to the governor of Nigeria.

H. Sanya Freeman

In October 2010, the __________ in Abuja mounted a major exhibition documenting Nigeria's 50-year journey since gaining independence from Britain in 1960.

National Gallery of Art-NGA

In photojournalism law, the ownership of copyright for an image belongs by default to the author of the __________.

negative

Payment granted to a photographer for the specific rights, territories, and formats in which a picture is published is called a(n) __________, which is distinct from a production fee.

usage fee

In the context of photojournalism law, __________ is not a defence against the crime of libel.

Truth

In newspaper journalism, the newspaper function known as __________ refers to a photograph's ability to make stories appear more authentic and real because readers trust visual evidence.

Credibility

The photographic function known as __________ describes how a photo injects action, human interest, and life into a story in ways illustrations cannot replicate.

Vitality

In news photojournalism, coverage of disasters, accidents, and outbreaks of war constitutes hard news, while events such as foundation-laying ceremonies or seminars are classified as __________ news.

soft