Plant Tax Lecture Quiz 4

_____ is sister to the rest of the Angiosperms

Amborella

ANA grade (paraphyletic)

Amborellales + Nymphaeales + Austrobaileyales

Vessels appear in the mrca of

Nymphaeales, Austrobaileyales, Magnoliids, Monocots and Eudicots

1. tracheid

2. vessel element

3. xylem

4. pits

5. perforation plate

true or false: amborella only have trachieds

true

Amborella and the reconstruction of an ancestral flower using extant taxa

Amborella’s morphology highly influences character reconstruction because of its position in the tree

Amborellales (family name? genus? 4 traits? part of ANA or Magnoliids)

Family: Amborellaceae

Genus: Amborella

Traits:

1. Tracheids

2. Undifferentiated perianth

3. Apocarpous gynoecium

-ANA

Amborella trichopoda

only member of Amborellaceae and Amborellales.

Nymphaeales (family, common name, traits, part of ANA or Magnoliids)

Family: Nymphaeaceae (water lilies)

Traits:

1. Aquatic herbs

2. Undifferentiated perianth

-ANA

order? family? common name? ANA or Magnoliids?

Order Nymphaeales

Family Nymphaeaceae

Common name: water lilies

ANA

order? family? common name? ANA or Magnoliids?

Order Nymphaeales

Family Nymphaeaceae

Common name: water lilies

ANA

Austrobaileyales (family, common name of family, ANA or Magnoliids)

Illiciaceae (star-anise family)

-ANA

order? family? common name of family? ANA or Magnoliids?

Order Austrobaileyales

Family Illiciaceae

Common name of family: star-anise

-ANA

Magnoliids are a clade sister to ___

the clade comprised by Monocots and Eudicots

* This position is still debated in the literature

Laurales (family, common name, traits, ANA or Magnoliids?)

Family Lauraceae

common names: Laurel, avocado, cinnamon family

Traits:

1. Trees and shrubs with aromatic oils

-Magnoliids

Who dispersed the avocado in nature?

Extinct (13 k years ago) megafauna including mammoths, horses, and giant sloths

Magnoliales (family, common name, traits, ANA or Magnoliids)

Family Magnoliaceae

common name: Magnolia

traits:

1. Trees or shrubs with solitary flowers

2. Undifferentiated perianth

3. Apocarpous gynoecium

-Magnoliids

Family Aristolochiaceae (order, traits, ANA or Magnoliids)

Order Piperales

traits:

1. Herbaceous, usually climbing

2. Enlarged petaloid calyx

-Magnoliids

Family Piperaceae (order, common name, traits, ANA or Magnoliids)

Order Piperales

common name: black pepper

Traits: 1. Ethereal oils

-Magnoliids

Basal Angiosperms: ANA + Magnoliids - Traits that frequently appear

1. Undifferentiated perianth

2. Apocarpous gynoecium

3. Ethereal oils

Ethereal oils / essential oils

• complex mixtures that may contain over 300 different compounds

• They consist of organic volatile compounds

Monocots apomorphies

1. Vascular cambium absent (no real wood)

2. Leaf venation parallel

3. One cotyledon

4. Embryo radicle (root) is reduced or ephemeral

Alismatales (family, common name, traits)

Family Araceae

common name: Arum family

traits:

• Spadix of numerous small flowers

• Subtending spathe

-monocots

(order? family? common name?)

Order Alismatales

Family Araceae

Common name: Arum family

-monocot

(order? family? common name?)

Order Alismatales

Family Araceae

Common name: Arum family

-monocot

(order? family? common name?)

Order Alismatales

Family Araceae

Common name: Arum family

-monocot

(order? family? common name?)

Order Alismatales

Family Araceae

Common name: Arum family

-monocot

Family Liliaceae (order, common name, genus, FF, trait)

Order Liliales

common name: lily family

Genus Lilium

FF: *, -3, 3-, 6, 3

Trait: Bulbous

-monocot

Family Melanthiaceae (order, common name, genus, FF)

Order Liliales

common name: Trillium family

Genus Trillium

FF: *, 3, 3, 6, 3 (fused and superior)

-monocot

Family Agavaceae (order, common name, traits)

Order Asparagales

common name: Agave family

trait: Xeromorphic, fibrous leaves

-monocot

order, family, common name

Order Asparagales

Family Agavaceae

Common name: Agave family

Order Asparagales, Family Agavaceae (Agave family) - Pollination process

• Adults emerge in spring and mate

• Pregnant females collect pollen and make into a ball

• Female deposit the ball of pollen into the stigma of flower

• Moth deposit its eggs in the ovary of the flower

• Eggs develop into larva, ovary develops into fruit

• Larva eat some of the seeds, then leaves the fruit and buries itself underground

Family Alliaceae (order, common name, traits)

Order Asparagales

common name: onion family

traits:

• Bulbous herbs

• Umbellate inflorescence

• Superior ovary

-monocot

Family Amaryllidaceae (order, traits)

Order Asparagales

traits:

• Bulbous herbs

• Umbellate inflorescence

• Inferior ovary

-monocot

Family Iridaceae (order, common name, traits)

Order Asparagales

common name: Iris family

traits:

• Unifacial leaves (equitant)

• Three stamens

• Inferior ovary

-monocot

Family Orchidaceae (order, common name, traits)

Order Asparagales

common name: Orchid family

traits:

• Labellum (inner tepal)

• Column, gynostemium, 1 fertile stamen fused with style and stigma

• Inferior ovary

-monocot

Column

1 fertile stamen fused with style and sigma

(filament + anther + style + stigma)

1. anther cap

2. viscidium

3. stigma

4. pollinia

1. pollinia

2. stipe

3. viscidium

4. Pollinarium

5. Pollinated stigma

Order Arecales (family, common name, traits)

Family Arecaceae / Palmae

common name: palm family

traits:

• Arborescent stem, monopodial

• Large plicate leaves

-monocot

order? family? common name?

Order Arecales

Family Arecaceae / Palmae

common name: palm family

-monocots