Multicultural Health: Religion, Trauma, Historical Timeline, and Worldview

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering religious influences on health, trauma models, historical milestones in racial policy, demographic data, and worldview concepts.

Historical Trauma

Multigenerational trauma experienced by a specific cultural, racial, or ethnic group related to major events that oppressed a particular group of people.

Generational Trauma

Trauma that occurs when the impact of a traumatic event is not limited to the individual who directly experienced it.

Psychological Trauma

The result of an event or multiple events or circumstances that are experienced as physically or emotionally threatening, producing lasting effects on functioning and well-being.

Cultural Trauma

A collective or communal response to a shared life-threatening and identity-altering event that metaphorically leaves the group timestamped and directionally rerouted, becoming part of the cultural story.

Racial Trauma

A severe emotional and mental response caused by encounters with racial bias, ethnic discrimination, hate crimes, and the ongoing harmful emotional effects over time.

4-Part Model of the World's Religions

A conceptual framework

1. An analysis of the human problem

2. A solution to that problem

3. Techniques for achieving that goal

4. Exemplars who chart the path toward the goal

4-Part Model of Health and Healing

A medical framework

1. Diagnosis

2. Goal of Treatment

3. Treatment Plan

4. Healthcare Professionals.

The Doll Study

A study where children were asked questions and instructed to point to a specific colored doll; when asked 'Which doll do you want to look like,' most children chose the white doll.

Doctrine of Discovery

• A series of decrees from catholic popes that European powers used to justify colonization. Europeans claimed the right to take land and resources not occupied by christians, and the doctrine was used to justify displacing, enslaving, and harming indigenous peoples 

  • Justification for colonialism and taking indigenous land

Transatlantic Slave Trade

• Millions of African people were forcibly taken across the Atlantic and enslaved. 10-13 million were taken and about 2 million did not survive. Enslaved Africans were forced to provide labor without freedom or wages 

  • Forced migration, slavery, and exploitation of African people

Bacon's Rebellion (1676)

Shift in labor systems

An uprising in Jamestown, VA that marked the historical decline of indentured servitude and the rise of racial slavery.

Indentured Servant

An individual bound by a contractual agreement with fixed terms who often exchanged labor for passage to the colonies and became a property owner upon completion, though some (primarily children) arrived involuntarily.

Enslaved Person

An individual subjected to lifelong servitude without legal personhood ($\frac{3}{5}$ in the U.S. Constitution), lacking a consensual contract, whose enslaved status was defined as hereditary through the birth mother.

1691 “White” in legal documents

Development of racial categories in law

1705 Virginia law on servants and slaves

Legal distinctions between servitude and slavery

Trail of Tears Indian Removal Act (1830–1850)

A policy initiated under Andrew Jackson to forcibly relocate Native Americans out of the South to free up land for settlement.

1790 Naturalization Act

Citizenship eligibility restricted to free white persons

Emancipation Proclamation (1863)

A presidential proclamation declaring that all enslaved persons in Confederate states were free, directly causing the Civil War to be fought over the issue of slavery.

Carlisle Indian Industrial School (1879)

An institution where Native American children were sent to assimilate by attempting to 'desavage' and 'white wash' them.

Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)

Federal legislation prohibiting individuals from China from immigrating to the United States.

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Segregation upheld

The landmark Supreme Court decision that legally established the doctrine of 'separate but equal' racial segregation.

Gentleman's Agreement (1907)

A bilateral agreement between the United States and Japan designed as a legal mechanism to prevent Japanese immigration.

Navajo Code Talkers (1914–1918)

World War I service members who utilized the Navajo language to transmit encrypted military communications.

started spots for culture in U.S.

Great Migrations (1915–1930; 1940–1960)

Mass demographic shifts during which Black Americans relocated out of the South and into Northern cities and Midwestern towns.

Tuskegee Study (1932–1972)

A clinical study conducted on Black men who were told they had 'bad blood' rather than syphilis, wherein penicillin was withheld to observe the progression of the disease.

Japanese-American Internment (1942)

The forced relocation of Japanese Americans to internment camps to work, fueled by wartime hysteria and suspicions of espionage following the attack on Pearl Harbor.

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

The historic Supreme Court ruling that desegregated public schools across the United States.

Loving v. Virginia (1967)

The Supreme Court case that ruled anti-miscegenation laws unconstitutional, legalizing interracial marriage nationwide.

Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (1971)

Legislation signed under President Nixon abolishing ancestral land claims of Native Alaskans in exchange for financial compensation and reduced land to allow the construction of oil pipelines.

1964–1965 Civil Rights and Voting Rights Acts

Major federal protections against discrimination

2023 Vatican repudiation

Formal rejection of Doctrine of Discovery justification

population stats african american

12.4%

population stats american indian and alaska native

1.3%

population stats hispanic/latino

19.5%

population stats white american

61.6%

population stats asian american

6%

median income african american

$56,020

median income hispanic / latino

$70,950

median income white american

$92,530

median income asian american

$121,700

Individualism

focuses on self rather than group, guilt, self-respect

Collectivism

focuses on group rather than self, shame, saving face

temporal relationships

Showing up, how long things last, how often we connect, the pause, past present or future focused

space and proximity

• How close we stand to each other 

  • Intimate, personal, social, public

communication

verbal vs non verbal cues (more on review)

Fate

the idea that our lives are predetermined (gift from God)

Free Will

the belief that we have the power to choose our own paths

beginning of life components

• Assisted Reproduction

• Birth Control

• Abortion

• Prenatal Care

• Post-Partum care

End of life components

• Organ Transplants

• Euthansia “good death”

• Funerals and Rituals

• Advanced directive

  • Living will

  • Durable power of attorney

  • Life support or DNR