Psychology Unit 2 test

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering personality theories, stress and coping mechanisms, health, and psychological well-being.

Freud's system

Unconscious impulses always seeking expression.

Id

Animal needs; does what it wants.

Ego (self)

Balances the id's desires with the superego's restraints.

Superego

Conscience; judgments and restraints.

Carl Jung

Theorized that we're guided by a collective unconscious holding myths about personality types ("mother," "hero"), passed down generations.

Persona

A "fake" personality or mask we make up.

Karen Horney

Theorized that social influences matter most and that we're born with dread of not being accepted.

Alfred Adler

Theorized that social factors matter; we feel inadequate and work to be important to offset it.

Erik Erikson

Theorized that life has eight stages, and how we turn out depends on our relationships at each stage.

Behaviorism

The theory that personality comes from learning and association.

B.F. Skinner

Theorized that we act by the reinforcements we get, not conscious choices.

Bandura

Theorized that we learn by modeling, and that we can accept or reject learned behavior.

Humanistic theories

Theories asserting that we're basically good and aim to fulfill our potential if the environment cooperates.

Carl Rogers

Theorized that we're destined to become fully functioning individuals.

Abraham Maslow

Theorized that "self-actualized" people found a place in life and did their jobs with excellence.

Three inherited traits

Friendliness, novel behavior, and how anxious or comfortable we feel.

Main environmental influences

Besides parents: brothers, sisters, playmates, and school groups.

Frustration

Results from blocked goals.

Conflict

Occurs when a choice must be made between alternatives.

Stress and anxiety

Brought on by frustration, conflict, and change.

Stress in the body

Body prepares for emergency like animals, but social restrictions make fighting or fleeing hard.

Abstract crises

Crises that our higher brains see, which are much harder to handle.

Long-term stress

Stress that can cause physical problems like heart disease.

Type A personality

Opposite of Type B; drives too hard too long, worse if also angry most of the time.

General adaptation syndrome

The three-part sequence for fighting off stress.

How drugs affect the brain

Block nerve firing, increase firing, or disturb telling hearing/seeing/smelling apart.

Why drugs are hard to stop

Tolerance, physical dependence, and/or psychological dependence.

Suicide

Results from feelings of loneliness and loss.

Teen suicide frequency

Grossly exaggerated, but suggestible teens may be influenced by press reports.

Mind and body

Very strong connection; everyone can fall prey to suggestion (voodoo is an extreme example).

Handling life's problems

Actual control, or at least the belief you're in control.

Helplessness

Can be the most destructive attitude or feeling.

Immune system

Critical to survival; active or inactive based on state of mind and physical health.

Stress and immunity

Stress reduces the effect of the immune system.

Cognitive strategies

Using thoughts to reduce pain; likely also work for stress or frustration.

Defense mechanisms

Keep the psyche in balance; in moderation they protect well-being, but using them often isn't healthy.

Self-concept

The image you have of yourself.

Self-esteem

How worthwhile you think you are.

Healthy personality traits

Accepting yourself and others, realistic, flexible, problem-centered, responsible, good sense of humor.