Human Physiology Module 3

Pituitary and Thyroid

What is the most important gland for the endocrine system?

hypothalamus

How does the hypothalamus communicate to the adrenal medulla?

sympathethic nervous system

Hormones that contain RH and IH are released by what?

Hypothalamus

What does TRH help release?

GH and TSH

What does GnRH help release?

FSH and LH

What does CRH help release?

ACTH

What does GHRH help release?

GH

What is another name for growth hormone inhibiting hormone?

somatostatin

What does somatostatin do?

inhibits release of GH

What does PIH do?

inhibits prolactin secretion

What is the link between the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary?

hypothalmic-hypophysial portal

ACTH, LH, FSH, TSH, prolactin, GH are secreted from what gland?

anterior pit.

ACTH is secreted by what cell?

corticotropes

FSH and LH is secrete by what cells?

Gonadotropes

TSH is secreted by what?

thyrotropes

GH is secreted by what cells?

somatotropes

How does the hypothalamus speak to the posterior pituitary?

via neurons

What hormones does the posterior pituitary store?

ADH and oxytocin

Which hormone stops dehydration by preserving fluid?

ADH

What does the hormone oxytocin do?

give positive feedback for contractions during child birth

How does increased glucose and insulin affect GH?

decreases growth hormone

What is produced by growth hormone stimulating the liver?

IGF-1

How does fasting influence GH and insulin?

increase GH; decrease insulin

What are the metabolic effects of GH?

increases ketoacids(ketogenesis) and FFA (lipolysis)

What is another name for IGF-1?

somatomedin C

What factors stimulate secretion of GH?

↑AA

↓glucose

↓FFA

Fasting

What factors inhibit secretion of GH?

↑glucose

↑FFA

Somatomedins

GH

If there is not enough growth hormone during puberty, what is the result?

dwarfism

If there is too growth hormone during puberty, what is the result?

gigantism and diabetes mellitus 2

If there is too growth hormone during adulthood, what is the result?

acromegaly

Acromegaly results in what symptoms?

visual field defects and hypertension

ADH and oxytocin are made by the posterior pituitary? T/F

False

ADH and oxytocin are made by the hypothalamus in the posterior pituitary? T/F

True

What is another name for ADH?

Vasopressin

What action does the vasopressin version of ADH have?

constrict blood vessels

Does ADH stimulate thirst? T/F

True

What disease is the result of decreased ADH?

Diabetes insipidus

What is the result of Diabetes insipidus?

plasma osmolarity increase

high amount of urine