ANPH 1001 Unit 1 Topic 3: Tissues

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues based on the ANPH 1001 Unit 1 Topic 3 lecture notes.

Tissue

Groups of cells with similar function.

Histology

The study of tissues.

Basement membrane

Structure to which epithelial cells are anchored to each other.

Squamous epithelium

Flat epithelial cells that provide protection, found in areas such as the skin, lining of the mouth, and blood vessels.

Cuboidal epithelium

Cube-shaped epithelial cells involved in protection, secretion, and absorption, found in glands and kidney tubules.

Columnar epithelium

Tall and rectangular epithelial cells involved in secretion and absorption, found in structures such as mammary glands.

Simple epithelium

An epithelial tissue arrangement consisting of a single cell layer, found in blood vessels, the intestine, and the uterus.

Stratified epithelium

An epithelial tissue arrangement consisting of several layers of cells, found in the mouth and skin.

Pseudostratified epithelium

Epithelial tissue arrangement that appears to consist of several layers but is not, found in the throat.

Transitional epithelium

An epithelial arrangement composed of several layers of easily stretched cells, found in the bladder.

Goblet cells

Unicellular glands that secrete mucus.

Exocrine glands

Glands that possess ducts; they can be simple (single ducts, such as sweat glands) or compound (branching ducts, such as mammary glands).

Endocrine glands

Ductless glands that secrete hormones directly, such as the thyroid and pituitary glands.

Endothelium

Epithelial tissue that lines the circulatory system, including blood vessels and blood capillaries.

Endocardium

The endothelial lining of the heart.

Mesothelium

Epithelial tissue that lines great body cavities with no openings to the outside, such as the pericardium covering the heart and the peritoneum lining the abdomen.

Matrix

Intercellular material in connective tissue in which protein fibers (collagen and elastin) are embedded.

Areolar connective tissue

A widely distributed loose connective tissue with a semifluid matrix that attaches skin, surrounds blood vessels and nerves, stores glucose, salts, and water, and contains fibroblasts, histiocytes, and mast cells.

Adipose tissue

A type of loose connective tissue composed of fat cells full of stored fat.

Reticular connective tissue

Loose connective tissue with a fine network that forms the internal framework of the liver, bone marrow, and lymphoid organs.

Fibroblasts

Cells in loose connective tissue with the ability to form fibers and participate in repair.

Histiocytes

Phagocytic cells in connective tissue that ingest debris outside the circulatory system.

Mast cells

Connective tissue cells that produce heparin (an anticoagulant) and histamine (an inflammatory substance produced in response to allergies).

Tendons

Dense fibrous, glistening connective tissue bands that attach skeletal muscles to bones.

Ligaments

Strong, flexible dense fibrous connective tissue bands or cords that hold bones firmly together at joints.

Aponeuroses

Wide, flat bands of dense fibrous tissue holding one muscle to another or to the periosteum (bone covering).

Fascia

Fibrous connective tissue sheets with an irregular arrangement that wrap around muscle bundles to hold them in place or cover a whole muscle.

Hyaline cartilage

Specialized cartilage with no fibers, found in the costal cartilage of the upper 7 ribs, trachea, and bronchi.

Fibrous cartilage

Tough specialized cartilage found in vertebral discs.

Elastic cartilage

Specialized cartilage containing elastin fibers, found in the epiglottis and external ear.

Chondrocytes

Large, round cartilage cells with spherical nuclei.

Osteocytes

Cells found in bone, which is a specialized type of connective tissue.

Skeletal muscle

Striated, multinucleated, voluntary muscle tissue attached to bones capable of rapid, powerful contractions to pull bones.

Smooth muscle

Nonstriated, uninucleated, involuntary spindle-shaped muscle tissue found in the walls of the digestive tract, blood vessels, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts.

Cardiac muscle

Striated, uninucleated, involuntary branching muscle tissue with intercalated disks that makes up the walls of the heart.

Neuron

A conducting nerve cell with branches (dendrites, cell body, and axon) that reacts to stimuli and carries nerve impulses.

Neuroglia

Supporting cells of nervous tissue found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

Irritability

The ability of nerve tissue to respond to environmental changes.

Conductivity

The ability of nerve tissue to carry a nerve impulse (message).