Geography Chaptrer 14

Don't cry it's ok to crash out, key is to move on

agricultural seasons (4) and term(sowing and harvesting)

Kharif

from:June-july

To: September-October

rabi

from: October-November

To: March-April

Zaid kharif

From:Aug-Sep

To:Dec-jan

Zaid rabi

From: Feb-march

To: April-may

Rice climatic conditions

Mean temperature =16-20 during flowering

18-32 during ripening

best in humid,warm areas

in any altitude as long as temprature needs fullfilled

Temp above 35 affect grain retention and filling

Rainfall =150-300

in growth 5-10cm of standing water

best=deltas ,river valleys,coastal plains

Rice soil

which can retain standing water

protects from pests who cannot survive underwater

deep fertile clayey,loamy soil | alluvial soil along river banks

manure,fertiliser for higher yield

upland and lowland

Upland

on higher land

sown in march-april

depend on rainflall and used locally

Lowland

on lower grounds

sown in june

need plenty water

used locally and supplied to other regions

Dry method of cultivation

in areas which depend on rainfall and no supplementary irrigation facilities

heavy rainfall areas- in rows with drills

moderate rainfall areas- scattered with hands

puddled method

adequate supply of water in assured

3-5cm of standing water(2-3cm maintained till seeds are established)

Rice method of cultivation(Sowing)

(i) Broadcasting

where labour is scarce and soil is infertile

seeds scattered after ploughing

inferior quality seeds, low production

(ii) Drilling

in furrows made by usually bamboo drill

practiced in peninsular India

systematic, high germinating rate, minimal wastage of seeds

time consuming

(iii) dibbling

hole with dibble(Simple pointed stick)

Sown by hand at regular intervals in furrosws

used in conjunction with puddling

Transplanting

Harvesting(Rice)

Wheat climatic conditions

Wheat soil

wheat methods of cultivation

Millets

jowar, bajra, ragi climatic conditions

soil in jowar, bajra, ragi

jowar, bajra, ragi methods of cultivation

Pulses climatic conditions,soil