Learning & Motiv Week 9 & 10

Two aspects of the stimulus substitution model

1. conditioned response is dependent on connections btwn the CS and US not the CS and UR

2. CR must be equivalent to UR

Which aspect of the stimulus substitution model was debunked?

that CR must be equivalent to UR, it is often not (especially in aversive conditioning)

How do we test whether S - S matters more than S - R

devaluation and mediated conditioning

How do we test whether S - S matters more than S - R using devaluation

After CS is devalued, animal is less likely to approach food magazine. If it was S-R, animal would continue to approach after DEV. This supports CS-US learning

How do we test whether S - S matters more than S - R using mediated conditioning

testing whether a stimulus(eg tone) that was paired with a certain flavor water and then after paired with illness will still be drank by the rats (it is not)

What is the exception to the rule that conditioned response is dependent on connections between the CS and US not the CS and UR

second-order conditioning

Contiguity vs contingency

number and degree of conjunction of stimulus pairings vs the likelihood of a US given a CS

Likelihood (or probability) of a US when there is a CS

P(US|CS) = number of US’s during the CS/number of CS

Likelihood (or probability) of a US when there is no CS

P(US|no CS) = number of US’s in the absence of CS/number of no CS’s

If P(US|CS) is closer to 1, the conditioning is…

excitatory

If P(US|no CS) is closer to 1, the conditioning is…

inhibitory

Contingency scores from no learning to most amount of learning

0, 0.2,0.3, 0.4

As contingency increases, suppression

increases (ratio declines)

When an animal has an expectancy that matches the outcome, will suppression increase or decrease?

Decrease

Precocious vs altritical

born equipped for environment vs born premature and must learn to adapt

Procedural difference between Pavlovian and operant conditioning

pavlovian: occurrence of events is under the control of the experimenter

operant: occurrence of events is under the control of the subject

If tone is paired with food except if rats approach the food source during the tone, how will rats behave? Why?

rats will continue to approach the food source because of Pavlovian conditioning of the relationship tone → food

Operant VS Pavlovian-actions

controlled/deliberated actions vs automatic/reflexive responses