Art History

Brady, The Lincoln Cooper Union Portrait, USA 19th century.

• Photography

• campaign trail

• Although he is from Illinois, related to farming, he is a lawyer and very educated

• Cooper made him look respectful

• Got on Harper’s weekly (wood carving)

• Gave a face to the name

• Hand on book; educated

• Hair scuffed; one of the people

• Some say this guaranteed his win

O’Sullivan and Gardner, A Harvest of Death, USA, 19th century.

• Photography

• foreground, upward lookup, horizon line

• hazy on battleground

• long meditation

• most likely moved the body himself

• reap what you sow

• this POV almost like, bringing up from the ground

Courbet, The Stone Breakers, France, 19th century.

• Realism

• Original doesn’t exist, destroyed WWI

• Smaller remade

• 2 men, foreground, backdrop stoney mountains

• Older & younger, representative of the lower working class and its continuous cycle

• No faces (universal representation)

• Torn clothing

• Older gentleman already darkened by sun

• Artist was judged for painting, wha could be considered lower class citizens

Millet, The Gleaners, France, 19th century.

• Realism

• Gleaners: to take everything clean off

• After the harvest, these women would pick up leftovers to feed their families (seen as act of charity)

• Backbreaking work

• Faceless, once again (universal representation)

• Perhaps separation of classes, man on horse who oversees (presumably contracted by owner),

Bonheur, The Horse Fair, France, 19th century.

• Realism

• Horses for work, carriages and riding

• Sol Perier// Paris, Insane Asylum in French Revolution (background)

• Road to hospital

• Self-Portrait on horseback, stride (usually women are supposed to have both legs on one side, but this artist used to disguise in drag and rode like a man, winky face portrayed, “haha I was here”)

• Horse//Percheron: heavy draft (working horse from France; traditionally grey or black, bobbed tail in “mud knot”, so it doesn’t get stuck on farm equipment")

• This man riding the Percheron, pulled from other sources, saw on Parthenon frieze, Athens 5th c, BCE

Homer, The Gulf Stream, 1899, 19th century.

• Realism

• Broken boat, sugar cane (food), typhoon (is it leaving, did it break the boat)

• Caught between life & death

• Hired for magazine illustration

• 1808=09 reworked, added blood

• Confusion amidst this painting

• Streak of white/sweat

• Maybe he is hurt, his legs are splayed as if injured with his spine

• Homer wrote broke to dealers and women who expressed worry for this character, “this guy will live happily ever after” (sarcastic)

• year after his father died (contemplative)

Eakins, The Gross Clinic, USA, 19th century.

• Realism

• Portrait of Samuel D. Gross

• Deemed too gross, in textbook of Gross anatomy

• Jefferson Medical College

• Surgery Professor, this was done as a last resort (people would get infected and die)

• No gloves

• Shows himself as a viewer

• Woman (family member, flinching away, to express gruesome emotion)

• Spotlight (man of vision, man of mind) (bald head, hand, table)

Hokusai, Thirty-Six Views of Mt. Fuji: The Great Wave, Japan 19th century.

• Realism

Whistler, Nocturne in Black and Gold: The Falling Rocket, USA/ England, 19th century.

• Proto-Impressionism

• London, modernizing

• Abstract

• Art critics had scathing reviews

• Got sued, years of long trial, costed entire inhertance

• Getting paid a large amount//skills learned over a lifetime

• 1/10 penny as a reward in winning

• Moved to Venice, money gained back by printmaking

• “the gentleman art of making enemies”

Manet, Olympia, France, 19th century.

• Proto-Impressionism

Monet, Boulevard des Capucines, France, 19th century.

• Impressionism

Degas, Little Dancer Aged Fourteen, France, 19th century.

• was viewed weird bc he depicted a young child

• bronze is sculpture

• skirt is fabric

• 4th position, neck up high, which makes is seem like she is older than she is

• spent time in military (artist)

• Set himself aside from monet

Cassatt, Woman in Black at the Opera, USA/France, 19th century.

• Impressionism

• Mary Cassatt: rich, never married, sketched in plein air (women couldn’t paint outside)

• Things that show age: stooping over, gray appearance, prominent veins

• Inky red hair (henna) (trying to look younger)

• Holding Japanese fan

• Sketchbook in her skirt (her version of plein eir)

• Bob chairs (expensive)

• Added a man toppling over for dramatic flair

Morisot, Laundresses Hanging Out the Wash, France, 19th century.

• Impressionism

• Daybreak, early morning (drying clothes)

• Factories (outskirts of town)

• POV: farmhouse windows

Hassam, Rainy Day, Fifth Avenue, USA, 1910’s

• Impressionism

• 20 paintings of these

• In support of troops in contemplation to WWI

• Water on lens effect, Modeled after Monet

• Owned by White House

• Blue/grey tone

Riis, Five Cents Lodging, Bayard Street, USA, 19th century.

• Ashcan School

• Men left home country, sent money home

• 6 + people

• Shocked people how immigrant lived

• 5 cents to house (homeless shelters)

• Dirty work shoes

Henri, Snow in New York, USA, 1900s

• Ashcan School

Bellows, Stag at Sharkey’s, USA, 1900s

• Ashcan School

• Boxing matches// make theater=stag

• Bellows: In the audience sketching

• Strong shortening

• Strong diagonal lines//motion

Cezanne, Mont Sainte-Victoire, France 1900s

• Post-Impressionism

• meant to sense where colors in nature are

• more cool tones colors, but yellow orange pull objects forward to have shape-if not it would be flat

• Passage: the idea of skipping one to another

Seurat, Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte, France, 19th century.

• Post Impressionism

• People on leisure, day off

• deep shadows//bright lights

• Little girl facing us

• Dog about to poop

• Liveliness but stillness

• Repoussoir= darkness-push eye around the space

Van Gogh, Starry Night, Netherlands, France, 19th century.

• Post-Impressionism

• Thick Impasto, Matte appearance

• Southern France

• Psychiatric hospital

• Brush strokes not blended, blends on pallet

• Creating direction of swirls// creation of movement

• Turbulence/air moving in different directions

• Cypress Tree//France//Marker for town cemetery//thinking about death

• Steeple from church//Pierces the sky//Elongated it//Church on his mind

Gaugin, la Orana Maria [Hail Mary], France, Tahiti, 19th century.

• Post-Impressionism

• Noa-Noa autobiography

• Married 12-14 year olds

• Tahiti

• He has “gone native”

• Self congratulatory

• Said he assimilated, but was rejected by men for not working (hung out with women// hence paintings being mostly women and children")

• Imported food (could not handle theirs)

• Madonna and Child (halos)

• Les Nabis (Gauguin’s devoted following)

Rodin, The Thinker, France, 19th century.

• Post-Impressionism

• Gates of Hell

• Thinker sees over the door

• Paraded through his whole city (when Rodin), procession following him for his funeral, thinker followed

Klimt, The Kiss, Austria, 1900s

• Art Nouveau

• Paulo & Francesa// Dante’s Divine Comedy

• Tender embrace, Shrouded in Golden Down

• Crammed into the picture

• Loves medieval/German art

• Using Emily (muse)

• Master of print//design

• Edge of a rock// as if they’ll fall

• Golden background (heaven)

• (inspo) Byzantine

• Gold background (mosaic)

• Gold in icons (gold leaf)

Gaudi, Sagrada Familia, Barcelona, Spain, 19th century to present

• Art Nouveau

• Died making this artwork

• Scaffolding still all over it

• Gothic cathedral style (tall, pointy, can’t fathom bc you can’t fathom heaven)

• On his way over, wearing work clothes// thought he was homeless and they left him to die after he was hit by a car

• Artist: interested in every style of architecture

• inside: indian architecture//temples

• Plan for every tower// different apostles

• New VS Old stonework (restoring while building)

Munch, The Scream, Norway, 19th century.

• Symbolism

• Adrongynous//genderless

• Some say self'-portrait

• Norway, water//narrow pond//rivers//swirling

• Tipped downward pier

• Wavy sky

• Boats

• Mount Krakatoa- eruption//largest in history//spewed ash and gas

• Scream heard in nature

Redon, The Cyclops, France, 19th century

• Symbolism

• Naked female figure (contour lines, fading into floor)

• Psychological tension

• Dream? Sleeping?

Moreau, Salome, France 19th. century

• Symbolism

• Couldn’t draw naked//sketch//sketching body for ornamental decor

• Playing w/ pose

• Scratching ornamentation

• Mixing designs//body//clothing surface area

Matisse, The Joy of Life, France, 1900s

• Fauvism

• Sensuality in nature

• Forms that show up in other works of his

• Garden of Eden

• Sexual relationship, no evil or harm to it

• Flat areas of colors

• Outlines in the figure

• Red outlines

• Large painting the shocked critics

• Ring around a rosy// shows up in other works

• Aracadein past

• Comparison to Ingres, Age of Gold, 1862 (flat)

Derain, Turning Road, I’Estaque, France 1900s

• Fauvism

• Flat areas of color

• Color modeling

• Port town on the Mediterranean side of France

• Rainbow effect, wild use of color

• grey, purple, orange trees

• Abstracted nature, with the wild color

Picasso, Demoiselles d’Avignon, Spain/France, 1900’s

• Proto-Cubism

• MoMa New York

• Foundational work

• My ladies of Avignon// red light district// prostitutes in Spain

• Monsters figures in seductive poses, some are none at all

• 8 ft by 8ft

• Background Brocken into frames// still life with grapes

• Sketch//more sensual

• Based on Cezanne, Bathers, 1900 (mythical)

• Borrowing geometric forms from African artwork

• Mask appearance

• Some Egyptian sources in their poses

• Still life: scholars say its like genitals, Picasso was a womanizer, had many sexually transmitted diseases so they thought it was reflecting his anger against women

Braque, Violin and Palette, France, 1910’s

• Analytic Cubism

• Sheet music

• Greens that get more muted

• Took form of violin and used cube shapes to make it up

• People hated cubes, cubism was like an insult

• Some kind of rounding in the painters pallete

• Background stuff is broken up

Picasso, Portrait of D.H. Kahnweiler, Spain/France, 1910’s

• Analytic Cubism

Picasso, Three Musicians, Spain/France, 1920s

• Synthetic Cubism

• Flat colors (except the wall)

• Creating a harmony

• Blend the figures together//can’t tell where one stops and one ends

• Like music, it is synthetic

• Geometric and some rounded shapes

• 
  

Picasso, Guitar, Spain/France, 1910’s

• Cubist Sculpture

• Cardboard, wood, metal strings

• Additive sculpture; building something up

• Primitive look

Lipchitz, Seated Man, France, 1920s

• Cubist Sculpture

• Craved from stone

• Mass occupying

• Geometric forms//pinned together

Leger, Three Woman, France, 1920’s

• Salon Cubism

Metzinger, Le Gouter [The Taster, Tea Time], France, 1910’s

• Stieglitz Circle

• Lots of color

• Not as abstract as analytic cubism

• Salon//Puteaux Cubism: more identifiable

• More 2D form

• Name is a little bit about creating a tasteful cubism

Stieglitz, Equivalents, USA, 1920s

• Stieglitz Circle

• art collector for European, African art

• photographer

• wanted to elevate his photography

• owns 291 gallery

• would show his art and American artists in his gallery

• wife: Georgia o’keef

O’Keeffe, Black Iris (Dark Iris No. III), USA, 1920’s

• Stieglitz Circle

• early art as abstract, uses many colors in her work

• highest paid artist in the us

• flower painting in a series

• the higher the number the more zoomed in the painting is

• linear brushstrokes

• flowers represented female genitalia

• was promoted as a female subject artist

Dove, Fog Horns, USA, 1920’s

• Stieglitz Circle

• Artist interested in color, their meanings, and what they mean to the soul, abstract works

• Foghorns: synesthetic painting, water with fog

• Similar colors

• Brown blobs representing the sounds of the horns

• shown in rings

• dark color to represent what he sees when he hears sounds since he has synthestisia

Demuth, I saw the Figure Five in Gold, USA, 1920’s

• Stieglitz Circle

Hartley, The Warriors, USA, 1910’s

• Stieglitz Circle

• references personal since they played chess

• repetition of star shaped figure form to represent celestial

• the gold shape represents halo for spirituality

Duchamp, The Fountain, France/USA, 1910’s

• Independent

Duchamp, The Large Glass, France/USA, 1910s-1920s

• Independent