Protection of Marine Materials

Which element is the most abundant in the earths crust?

Oxygen

What is the approximate percentage of carbon by weight in the earths crust?

0.02

What is the main alloying element which is combined with iron to make steel?

carbon

What is the approximate modulus of aluminum in GPa

70 GPa

What is the major cation found in seawater

sodium

What is the major anion found in seawater

Chlorine (chloride)

What is the maximum percentage that a cover of barnacles may increase the viscous (frictional) drag of a ship?

60%

Who first investigated the cause of corrosion between iron ships and copper sheathing?

Humphrey Davy

Which metallurgical property was responsible for the sinking of the Titanic and SS Schenectady

Fracture toughness

Which metal gave the British Navy superiority over the French and Spanish?

Copper

What is the approximate density (kg/m3) of aluminum?

2700

In what year was Cornwallis defeated by Washington at York Town

1781

Who discovered the electrochemical cell?

Volta?

Which metal was used to clad wooden war ships?

copper

What steel property is attributed to the sinking of the SS Schenetady?

fracture toughness

What is the name of the oil tanker that sank in 1999 and gave rise to Maritime Legislation

Erika

Which series of aluminum alloys is typically used for hull plating?

5000

The following four metals are joined together in seawater

aluminum, stainless steel, iron, titanium.

Which is the cathode?

titanium

What is the typical wall thickness in mm of a 10m diameter steel monopile foundation for an offhshore wind turbine on 30m water depth

80

What alloy is attached to steel to prevent corrosion in seawater?

aluminum

Which US Naval ship has arrived in Thailand with a rust problem?

USS Lincoln

Which is an example of lattice imperfections

Surface Defects

What is the main alloying element for ABS Grade A steel

carbon or manganese

The atomic mass of an element is determined by the number of

Protons plus Neutrons

A hypoeutectoid carbon steel has less than what percent by weight carbon?

0.77%

What are the two phases found in a carbon steel at room temperature

Ferrite and Cementite

Which type of steel processing is used to imporove the mechanical properties of marine grade steel

TMCP

Which form of welding uses a consumable metal rod coated in a chemical flux?

Stick

Which phase is present at room temperature in a marine grade stainless steel

austenite

Which is the second most abundant cation in seawater

Mg

Which of the following alloys is the relatively most active in the galvanic series

aluminum

Which of the following ocean locations has the highest specific conductance

Gulf of Mexico

Which of the following ocean locations has the highest oxygen concentration

North Sea

What two factors related to corrosion are illustrated in a Pourbaix diagram

Potential and pH

What is the approximate pressure in atmospheres at 3000m water depth

300

What is the wind speeds in knots for a Beaufort Force 10

48-55

What is the average corrosion rate for steel (in./year) at Cape Kennedy Beach, Fl.

0.085

What is the size range of diatoms and filamentous algae that grow on hard substrates (mm)

0.1-1.0