Exam 1 Psych 403 Dr. Bauman

Cultural Humility

An ongoing process of self-reflection, learning, and understanding of cultural differences to maintain an effective and respectful relationship with clients.

Positionality

The social and political context that shapes one’s identity and influences perspectives, privileges, and biases.

WEIRD

An acronym for Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic societies, often used in psychological research to refer to the predominant demographic of research subjects.

Culture

Shared attitudes, beliefs, norms, roles, and self-definitions practiced by particular ethnic groups.

Ethnic Group

A group of people who share unique cultural and social heritage and practices.

Generalizability Research

Research aimed at determining if findings from one group can be applied to another group.

Etic Approach

Research conducted from an outsider's view, focusing on universal aspects across cultures.

Group Differences Approach

A method in cultural psychology that examines how constructs developed in one group vary in another group.

Multicultural Psychology Research

Research focused on the unique characteristics of diverse groups, particularly those underrepresented in traditional research.

Emic Approach

Research that studies a culture or behavior from the insider's perspective.

Within-Group Variability

The differences that can exist among individuals within the same cultural or ethnic group.

Independent Construal of Self

A self-view that emphasizes autonomy, personal traits, and goals separate from social contexts.

Collectivism

A cultural orientation prioritizing group goals and relationships over individual autonomy.

Individualism

A cultural orientation emphasizing personal autonomy and self-reliance.

Self-Construal Theory

The theory that describes how individuals from different cultures define themselves in relation to others.

Interdependent Construal of Self

A self-view defined through relationships, roles, and group memberships.

Social Norms

Expectations for behavior within a group that influence individual actions.

Cultural Worldviews

Belief systems about one’s culture that shape perceptions and behaviors.

Psychosocial Complaints

Emotional and psychological issues influenced by social factors such as race and ethnicity.

Ethnocultural Responsiveness

The ability to adapt to and incorporate cultural differences in practice and research.

Racial and Ethnic Disparities

Inequalities in treatment or outcomes based on race or ethnicity.

Cognitive Representation of Self

Mental constructs that help individuals understand their identity in relation to the world.

Holistic Thinking

A cognitive style that focuses on the whole rather than the sum of its parts, common in collectivist cultures.

Analytic Thinking

A cognitive style that emphasizes logical reasoning and objectivity, often found in individualistic cultures.

Emotional Expressiveness

The extent to which individuals openly express their emotions, which can vary across cultures.

Self-Enhancement

The process of promoting oneself positively, often seen in individualistic cultures.

Social Context

The environment of people, relationships, and cultural norms that influence behavior.

Equifinality

The principle that different processes can lead to the same outcome in psychology.

Collective Goals

Objectives that emphasize group welfare and interdependence over individual achievements.

Task-Independent

Focusing on achieving personal objectives that are autonomous from group influences.

Task-Interdependent

Focusing on achieving group objectives and fitting into social roles.

Cultural Practices

The habitual actions and customs exhibited by a community that shape worldview.

Individual Attributes

Personal characteristics and traits that define an individual in an independent context.

Social Comparison

Evaluating oneself in relation to others to gain a sense of self-worth.

Ingroup vs. Outgroup

Distinction between members of one’s own social group (ingroup) and those of different groups (outgroup).