Fripty Free SLP Set 9 - Student Developed - Fripty Approved

What is the difference between direct and indirect requests?

Direct requests say exactly what they want whereas indirect requests convey politeness. Usually happens around age 6.

What is a line of regard?

The line of regard is what the baby is looking at.

What language milestones do babies exhibit from 0-3 months?

Startle to loud sounds

Visually track or move eyes to source of sound

Attend to and turn head to voices

Smile reflexively

Cry for assistance

Coos

Vocalizes vowels

What language milestones do babies exhibit from 4-6 months?

Respond to "come here" or similar by raising arms

Looks towards family members when named

Explores vocal mechanism by growling, squealing, yelling, raspberries

More adult like vowels

Marginal babbling. Baba

Varies pitch of vocalizations

Responds to name

Vocalizes pleasure and displeasure

Varies pitch, volume and rate

What language milestones do babies exhibit from 7-9 months?

Looks at common objects when named

Comprehends no

Begins some gestural language

Uses a wide variety of sound combos

Uses intonation patterns

Imitates intonation patterns and speech sounds

Variegated babbling

Uncovers hidden toy (beginning of object permanence)

What language milestones do babies exhibit from 10-12 months?

Understands around 10 words

Begins to relate symbol and object. Use first word

Gives block or toy upon request

Obeys some commands

Understands simple directions followed with gesture or body action

Looks in correct place for hidden toy

Turns head to own name

Gestures or vocalizes to indicate wants and needs

Uses wide variety of sounds and intonations

Uses all consonants and vowels in vocal play

Describe pragmatic development during the first year

Perlocutionary behavior: the child lacks

communicative intent

Illocutionary

behavior: uses intentional communication

Locutionary state: begin to use words

Joint reference

What does syntax look like in a child between the ages of 1-2 years?

Holophrastic: single-word phrases. For example, "up" might mean "please pick me up because i don't want to sit and play anymore"

Average MLU is 1.0-2.0

The child might also express themselves by using one word and vocal cues.

They can typically produce 50 words and then start putting those two words together.

What does semantics look like in a child between the ages of 1-2 years?

Typically produce 50 words and understand about 200.

Holophrastic speech.

Using more nominals and verbs.

They will use overextensions.

Have emerging negation with phrases like "all gone"

Answers the question "what is this" and responds to yes/no questions

Follows one-step commands

Points to 1-5 body parts

Asks for more

Listens to stories

Refers to self with pronoun and name

Verbalizes immediate experience

What does pragmatics look like in a child between the ages of 1-2 years?

Presuppositions emerge.

Use language to signal intent. Halliday's seven functions of

communicative intent:

Imaginative: pretend or play-acting

Heuristic: have environment and experiences explained to them.

Regulatory: control behaviors of others

Personal: express own feelings and attitudes

Informative: to tell someone something

Instrumental: to get assistance or materials from others

Interactional: initiates with others.

What does syntax look like in a child between the ages of 2-3 years?

Uses word combos

Average MLU of 2.0-4.0

Combines 3-4 words

Uses telegraphic speech

Asks wh questions

Expresses negation

What does semantics look like in a child between the ages of 2-3 years?

Comprehends around 2400-3600 words

Expresses 200-600 words

Learn meaning of objects -> events -> actions -> adjectives -> adverbs -> spatial concepts -> time concepts

Answers simple wh questions

Can identify body parts

Carries out 1-2 step commands

Understands plurals

Can give simple account of experiences

What does morphology look like in a child between the ages of 2-3 years?

Develops ing

Simple irregular past tense

Develops were and is

Develops ed

Overregularizes ed

Knows in, on and possessives

What does pragmatics look like in a child between the ages of 2-3 years?

Usually egocentric

Rapid topic shift

What does syntax look like in a child between the ages of 3-4 years?

Uses clauses in sentences

Complex verb phrases

Modal verbs (should, would, could)

Uses embedded forms (the man who came to dinner stayed a week)

Passive voice

Complete

sentences.

MLU 5-5.5

Mostly nouns, verbs and personal pronouns

Negation

Complex and compound sentences

What does semantics look like in a child between the ages of 3-4 years?

Comprehends about 4200-5600 words

Uses 900-1000 words

Asks how, why and when

Understands some opposites

Knows name, street and nursery rhymes

Labels most things

Answers questions appropriately

Can complete opposite analogies

Uses pronouns

Undestands agent-action

What does morphology look like in a child between the ages of 3-4 years?

Uses irregular plural forms

Uses third person singular

Uses ing and negatives

Plurals

Uses is at beginning of sentence

Uses contractions

Possessive markers

Uses myself, is, are, am and because

What does pragmatics look like in a child between the ages of 3-4 years?

Can maintain conversation

Begins to modify speech to age of listener

Uses indirectives

Uses requests

Uses conversational devices

Uses communicative functions such as role playing, protests, jokes, game markers, claims, warnings and teasing

What does syntax look like in a child between the ages of 4-5 years?

MLU of 4.5-7.0

Speaks in complete sentences

Uses future tense

Uses if and so in sentences

Uses passive voice

What does semantics look like in a child between the ages of 4-5 years?

Uses concrete meanings and words, but responds to some abstract ideas appropriately

Expresses about 1500-2000 words

Comprehends 5600-6500 words

Can name items in category

Uses most pronouns

Uses why and how

Understands time concepts

Asks meaning of words

Shows objects by use and function

Identifies past and future verbs

What does morphology look like in a child between the ages of 4-5 years?

Uses comparatives

Uses irregular plurals

What does pragmatics look like in a child between the ages of 4-5 years?

Modifies speech depending on listener

Begins to judge grammatical correctness

Can maintain topic

Uses egocentric monologue

Uses indirect speech

Begins to tell jokes

What is the behavioral theory of language development?

Skinner is the main guy. States that verbal behaviors are acquired under appropriate stimulation, response and reinforcement. Language is learned, not innate. Environment and social interactions are important.

What is the nativist theory of language development?

Chomsky is the main guy. States that children are born with language acquisition device. Language is innate.

What is the cognitive theory of language development?

Piaget is the main guy. States that language acquisition is made possible through intellect and cognition. The more you learn about the world the more language you develop.

What is the information processing theory of language development?

Focuses on how language is learned. What cognitive processes are necessary for language. Emphasizes auditory processing, discrimination, memory, rate, sequencing.

What is the social interactionism theory of language development?

Vygostky is the main guy. States that language develops because children are motivated to interact socially with their environment.

Established risk vs at risk

Established risks are things that we know are going to cause problems. Ex. Biological diseases.

At risk are things that may cause problems. Ex. Family history.

What are prelinguistic risk factors?

Avoiding eye contact

Limited or no babbling

Not saying "bye-bye"

Lack of social smile

Failure to follow direction

Pre/peri/postnatal conditions

Presence of a syndrome

Environmental factors

Impaired learning of speech sounds

What are some basic facts regarding SLI?

Majority of children with language disorders have it.

7-8% of kindergarteners

Everything is typical except language

No known etiology

Sequence of development is normal, however there are problems

What are speech and language deficits seen in children with SLI?

Articulatory/phonological problems

-poor intelligibility

-exhibit phonological processes longer than typical kids

- some say they hear/process the sound differently which is why they pronounce incorrectly. Test of nonword repetition is helpful.

Semantics

- Word finding problems

- Smaller vocabulary

- Less diversity

- Difficulty learning new words

- Malapropisms (flip phonological sounds) and neologisms.

Syntax and Morphology

- MLU is shorter

- They don't pick up on these things implicitly

- Problems with word order

- Problems with negation

- Problems with inflections

- Use telegraphic speech

May have pragmatic issues. It varies. But may present with

- Topic initiation

- Turn taking

- Topic maintenance

- Conversational repair strategies

- Discourse and narrative skills

- Staying relevant

What are cognitive processes/EF deficits seen in children with SLI?

Speed of processing is slower

Attending to tasks in difficult

Working memory

Emotional control

Task shifting

Disorganized and have difficulty planning

What language deficits are seen in ID?

Varies.

They are delayed rather than deviant.

May have echolalia, which isn't normal.

Very concrete, have difficulty with abstract.

Smaller vocabularies.

Morphology is especially bad.

Often omit function words

Slow development of syntax.

Passive pragmatically.

What language deficits are seen in children with parental drug/alcohol use?

Causes growth problems and CNS dysfunction, which could lead to ID

Abnormal craniofacial

Malformations of organs

Poor behavior and social skills

Disorganized play

Academic problems

Swallowing issues

Language delay

Cognitive problems

Auditory processing

Hearing

What are some language problems related to neglect/abuse?

Children with disabilities are more vulnerable to abuse.

It's a heterogenous group, so it's difficult to generalize.

Less language input due to less interactions, so expressive language delay

What are some language problems related to poverty?

NO CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP.

children with access to more have more language experiences. strong correlation between education and income level

may have difficulty with reading, writing, temporal concepts, school-type expectations and vocabulary