Latin Grammar and Vocabulary: First and Second Declensions, Verb Conjugations, and Syntax

Comprehensive vocabulary and grammar review flashcards covering Latin declensions, verb conjugations, case uses, prepositions, compound prefixes, and related architectural and archaeological terms.

agricola, -ae, m.

farmer

littera, -ae, f.

letter (of alphabet); in the plural (litterae), letter (epistle) or letters.

prōvincia, -ae, f.

province

amīcitia, -ae, f.

friendship

patria, -ae, f.

country, native land

occupō

I seize, I capture

parō

I prepare, I prepare for

sum (Present Tense)

An irregular verb conjugated as: sum (I am), es (you are), est (he, she, it is; there is), sumus (we are), estis (you are), sunt (they are; there are).

-ne

An enclitic interrogative particle attached to the first word of a sentence to turn a statement into a yes-or-no question.

-que

An enclitic conjunction meaning 'and' which connects words of like syntax and must be translated before the word to which it is attached.

quid?

what? (interrogative pronoun)

ubi?

where? (interrogative adverb)

ager, agrī, m.

field, territory

lēgātus, -ī, m.

envoy; lieutenant

lūdus, -ī, m.

game; school

deābus and fīliābus

Irregular dative and ablative plural forms of dea (goddess) and fīlia (daughter), used to distinguish them from the corresponding forms of deus and fīlius.

bellum, -ī, n.

war

frūmentum, -ī, n.

grain

perīculum, -ī, n.

danger, risk

rēgnum, -ī, n.

kingdom; kingship

First and Second Declension Adjectives

Adjectives declined with endings in -us, -a, -um (e.g., malus, mala, malum), following the second declension for masculine and neuter, and the first declension for feminine.

Agreement of Adjectives

The syntactical rule requiring an adjective to match the noun it modifies in gender, number, and case, regardless of whether their morphological endings match.

altus, alta, altum

high; deep

ferus, fera, ferum

wild, fierce, savage

sine

without (preposition governing the ablative case)

co- / com- / con- (Verb Prefix)

A prefix derived from cum meaning 'together', 'completely', or 'forcibly'.

collaudō

I praise highly

comparō

I put together, I arrange; I prepare eagerly

comportō

I carry together, I bring together

convocō

I call together, I summon

quoque

also

sunt

(they) are

amīcae

friends

hodiē

today

sed

but

in agrīs

in the fields

ambulant

(they) walk, are walking, do walk

brevī tempore

in a short time, soon

dēfessa

tired

nōn iam

no longer

strēnua

active, energetic

currit

(she/he) runs, is running, does run

tandem

at last

ex agrīs

from/out of the fields

ad vīllam rūsticam

to/toward the country house and farm

lentē

slowly

puer

(a/the) boy

quī

who

eādem

the same

in hortō

in the garden

clāmant

(they) shout, are shouting

rīdent

(they) laugh, are laughing, smile

vir

(a/the) man

servus

(a/the) slave

multī

many

in vīllīs rūsticīs

in country houses

labōrant

(they) work, are working

sōlus

alone

īrātus

angry

subitō

suddenly

in piscīnam

into the fishpond

cadit

(he/she/it) falls

Abīte, molestī!

Go away, you pests!

gemit

(he/she) groans

molestus

troublesome, annoying

semper

always

vexat

(he/she) annoys

igitur

therefore

amat

(he/she) likes, loves

dormit

(he/she) sleeps

cōnspicit

(he/she) catches sight of

fūrtim

stealthily

appropinquat

(he/she) approaches

ascendit

(he/she) climbs

magnus

big, great

magnā vōce

in a loud voice

audit

(he/she) hears, listens to

videt

(he/she) sees

vōx

(a/the) voice

terret

(he/she/it) frightens

sollicita

anxious, worried

tum

at that moment, then

Dēscende, Sexte!

Come down, Sextus!

tū

you (subject)

nihil

nothing

tē

you (direct object)

Cavē!

Be careful!

rāmus

(a/the) branch

infirmus

weak, shaky

fragor

(a/the) crash, noise

sī

if

diēs

(a/the) day

calidus

warm

in silvam

into the woods

ibi

there

rīvus

(a/the) stream

frīgidus

cool, cold

errant

(they) wander

prope

near

vult

(he/she) wishes, wants