SEMIO CH8 TRIGGER

HEMATOPOESIS

PROD° OF BLOOD CELLS IN THE BONE MARROW

BONE MARROW TYPE OF TISSU + LOCATION ?

SOFT TISSUE INSIDE BONE

2 POSSIBLES LINEAGES OF CELLS AFTER BONE MARROW

MYELOID / LYMPHOID

LYMPHOID LINEAGE GIVES ? (3)

LYMPHOCYTES B / T / NK CELLS

MYELOID LINEAGE GIVES ? (4)

RBC / PLATELETS / NEUTROPHILS / OESINOPHILS

EPO

STIMULATES RBC PRODUCTION

MAIN EPO SOURCE : ADULT AND FETUS

ADULT = 90% KIDNEY

FETUS = LIVER

PATHWAY : HYPOXIA → OXYGEN TRANSPORT CAPACITY ++

HYPOXIA → KIDNEY DETECTS LOW LEVELS OF O2 → EPO ↑ → BONE MARROW STIMULATION → RBC ↑ → OXYGEN TRANSPORT CAPACITY ↑

4 MAINS CAUSES OF HYPOXIA

ANEMIA / HEMORRHAGIA / LUNG DISEASE / HIGH ALTITUDE

KIDNEY FAILURE + ANEMIA

EPO DEFICIENCY

EPO USE → HB/HCT ↑

EPO DOPING

HCT 60% + HEADACHE + DIZZINESS + HYPERTENSION

BLOOD HYPERVISCOSITY

HIGH ALTITUDE + RBC ↑ AFTER WEEKS

TISSUE HYPOXIA

STUDY OF RBC SIZE

MCV

TAILLE NORMALE RBC

80-100 FL

SI RBC SIZE ↓

MICROCYTIC

SI RBC SIZE ↑

MACROCYTIC

STUDY OF RBC COLOR

MCH

NORMAL VALUE MCH

27-33 PG

HEMOGLOBINE : NORMAL VALUE HOMME / FEMME

HOMME → 14-18

FEMME → 12-16

HCT : NORMAL VALUE HOMME / FEMME

HOMME → 42-50%

FEMME → 37-47%

RBC : NORMAL VALUE HOMME / FEMME

HOMME → 4.6 - 6 M

FEMME → 4.2 - 5.4 M

NORMAL VALUE WBC

4K-11K

NORMAL VALUE PLATELETS

150K-450K

HEMATOCRIT

% OF BLOOD OCCUPIED BY THE RBC

HCT ANEMIA ?

HCT ↓

QUAND HCT ↑↑

POLYCYTHEMIA

RBC : FONCTION + DURÉE DE VIE

TRANSPORTE OXYGENE + 120 JOURS

PLATELET : FONCTION + DURÉE DE VIE

PRIMARY HEMOSTASIS + 7-10 JOURS

TO LOOK AT CELLULAR MORPHOLOGY WE DO ?

PERIPHERAL BLOOD SMEAR

MICROCYTOSIS ASSOCIATED W/ ?

IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA

MACROCYTOSIS ASSOCIATED W/ ?

B12 / FOLATE DEFICIENCY

SICKLE SHAPED RBC ASSOCIATED W/ ?

SICKLE CELL ANEMIA

IMMATURE RBC RELEASED FROM THE BONE MARROW =

RETICULOCYTES

WE STUDY RETICULOCYTES TO ?

TO ASSESS BONE MARROW ACTIVITY

WHEN RETICULOCYTES ↑↑

HEMORRHAGIA / HEMOLYSIS

WHEN RETICULOCYTES ↓

APLASTIC ANEMIA / KIDNEY FAILURE

WBC ↑ BENIGN

LEUKOCYTOSIS

WBC ↑ MALIGNANT

LEUKEMIA / LYMPHOMA

WBC ↓

LEUKOPENIA

PLATELETS ↑

THROMBOCYTOSIS

PLATELETS ↓

THROMBOCYTOPENIA

RBC ↓ + WBC ↓ + PLATELETS ↓

PANCYTOPENIA

PANCYTOPENIA DEF

BAISSE SIMULTANÉE DES 3 LIGNÉES SANGUINES

4 ORIGINS OF ANEMIA :

IRON / B12 / FOLATE / RETICULOCYTES

TEST FOR LEUKOCYTOSIS

BLOOD SMEAR

TEST FOR THROMBOCYTOPENIA

COAGULATION TEST

TOUT VA BIEN MAIS PLATELETS CHUTE

BLEEDING

HB ↓ + MCV ↓ + FERRITIN ↓

IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA

HIGH HB + HIGH HCT DEPUIS LONGTEMPS

CHRONIC HYPOXEMIA