FORY 3100 Lecture Midterm

the Ericaceae-Heath family

alternate leaves (rarely opposite or whorled), no stipule, capsule, berry, or drupe

dendrology

Study of the identification, nomenclature, classification, morphology, geographic range, phenology, and ecology of woody plants

taxonomy

identification, nomenclature, classification

silvics

morphology, geographic range, phenology, ecology

alternate leaf arrangement

one leaf per node

opposite leaf arrangement

two leaves per node

whorled leaf arrangement

three or more leaves per node

odd pinnately compound

odd number of leaflets (terminal leaf present)

even pinnately compound

even number of leaflets (no terminal leaf)

bipinnately compound

a compound leaf divided twice with leaflets attached to secondary rachises

palmately compound

leaves attached at common point

trifoliate compound

three leaves attached at common point

pinnately lobed

lobes alongside of an elongnated leaf with single clear midrib

palmately lobed

lobes radiating from the petiole or point of attachment of the blade

obligate wetland plants (OBL)

almost always in wetlands (>99% of the time)

facultative wetland plants (FACW)

often in wetlands (67-99% of the time)

facultative (FAC)

occur in wetlands 34-67% of the time

imperfect flower

only female or only male parts

actinomorphic flower

radially symmetrical-can be split any way and be symmetric

zygomorphic flower

bilaterally symmetrical- only one line of symmetry

dry indehiscent fruits

achene, samara, nuts/nutlet

achene

small, 1 seeded fruit

samara

winged, 1 seeded fruit

nut

hard-shelled dry fruit or seed

nutlet

a small nut

dry dehiscent fruits

legume, follicle, capsule

legume

pod-like, splits along 2 sutures

follicle

splits along 1 suture

capsule

splits along multiple sutures

fleshy fruits

pome, drupe, berry

pome

seeds within a papery wall

drupe

1 seeded fleshy fruit with seed enclosed in a stony wall

berry

seed in pulpy mass

Aceraceae- the Maple family

opposite leaves, double samara

Anacardiaceae- the Cashew family

leaves usually alternate, imperfect flowers, drupe or nutlike fruit

Annonaceae- the Custard-Apple family

alternate leaves, usually aromatic, berry or aggregate of berries with large seeds

Aquifoliaceae- the Holly family

alternate, typically evergreen leaves, small drupe with several stones (pyrenes)

Araliaceae- the Ginseng family

alternate leaves (rarely opposite or whorled), palmately or pinnately compound, berry, drupe, or schizocarp

Betulaceae- the Birch family

alternate leaves, regular pinnate venation, small to medium sized 1-celled, 1-seeded nut (or nutlet) or samara, bark often quite distinctive

Bignoniaceae- the Trumpet-Creeper family

opposite or whorled leaves, capsule or rarely berrylike, seed usually winged

Caprifoliaceae- the Honeysuckle family

opposite leaves, commonly a drupe, typically hollow twigs

Cornaceae- the Dogwood family

alternate, deciduous leaves, usually entire, often with arcuate venation, drupe or berry

Ebenaceae- the Ebony family

alternate leaves, berry with large seeds often with calyx attached

Elaeagnaceae- the Oleaster family

alternate (rarely opposite or whorled) leaves, entire margins, achene surrounded by fleshy calyx tube (drupe like in appearance)

Ericaceae- the Heath family

alternate leaves, capsule, berry, or drupe

Euphoribiaceae- the Spurge family

typically have milky sap, fruit is typically a 3-parted capsule

Fabaceae- the Legume family

pinnately or bipinnately compound, many have thorns or spines, legume

Mimosaceae- the Mimosa subfamily

mostly bipinnately compound, legume, flowers often clustered in a fuzzy ball

Caesalpiniaceae- the Caesalpinia subfamily

pinnately or bipinnately compound, or simple, slightly to strongly zygomorphic, legume

Fagaceae- the Beech family

alternate, simple leaves, usually pinnately veined and short petioled, nut partially or wholly encased in a capsule (bur or cup)

Hamamelidaceae- the Witch-Hazel family

alternate, simple leaves, often with stellate hairs, 2-celled capsule, seeds winged or wingless

Hippocastanaceae- the Buckeye family

opposite, palmately compound leaves, typically 5-9 serrate leaflets, petiole long with no stipule, leathery capsule

Juglandaceae- the Walnut family

mostly alternate, pinnately compound leaves, no stipules, more or less aromatic, nut enclosed in semifleshy or woody, dehiscent or indehiscent husk

Lauraceae- the Laurel family

alternate, simple, usually aromatic, 1-seeded berry or drupe

Magnoliaceae- the Magnolia family

alternate, simple, stipules enclosed in the bud, conspicuous stipule scars encircle the twig, cone-like aggregate of follicles or samaras

Meliaceae- the Mahogany family

alternate, simple, pinnately or bipinnately compound, leaflets often with inequilateral base, no stipule, capsule or drupe

Moraceae- the Mulberry family

alternate, simple, stipulate leaves, milky sap, a small drupe or achene, usually in multiples

Myricaceae- the Waxmyrtle family

alternate, simple, aromatic leaves with small black or yellow resin dots, small drupe often with waxy coating

Oleaceae- the Olive family

opposite (rarely alternate), simple, pinnately compound leaves, no stipules, samara or drupe

Paulowniaceae- the Paulownia family

opposite or whorled, simple or compound leaves, no stipules, capsule with seeds winged or angled

Platanaceae- the Sycamore or Planetree family

alternate, simple, palmately lobed leaves, 3-7 lobes, petioles enlarged at base and enclosing lateral bud, stipules leaf-like and very conspicuous, encircling twigs and often persisting, glosbose head or narrowly elongated achenes

Rosaceae- the Rose family

alternate (rarely opposite), simple or compound leaves, mostly stipulate, 5 white petals (sometimes pink), a lot of stamens, pome or drupe (occasionally follicle, achene, or capsule)

Rubiaceae- the Madder family

opposite or whorled, simple leaves, entire margins, stipules, berry, drupe, capsule, or schizocarp

Salicaceae- the Willow or Poplar family

propagation by cuttings is easy, alternate, simple leaves, stipulate, the petioles often glandular, 1-celled, 2-4 valved capsule containing numerous small seeds covered with long hair

Simaroubaceae- the Quassia or Bitterwood family

alternate, pinnately compound or simple leaves, stipulate or stipulate, capsule, berry, drupe, or samara

Styracaceae- the Storax family

alternate, simple leaves, stellate hairs on the leaves are common, no stipules, dry or fleshy drupe

Symplocaceae- the Sweetleaf family

alternate or appearing sub-opposite, simple leaves, no stipules, an elliptical berry

Tiliaceae- the Linden family

alternate, simple, stipulate leaves, capsule, drupe, berry, or nutlike (nut hangs from a leaf-like bract)

Ulmaceae- the Elm family

alternate, simple leaves, regular pinnate venation, usually serrate margins, often inequilateral at the base, zig-zag twigs to varying degrees, pseudoterminal buds, samara

oaks

leaves alternate, simple, with pinnate venation, vary from lobed to entire, buds clustered at twig tip, imperfect flowers, acorns

white oaks

lobes not bristle tipped, acorns mature in 1 season, caps generally thick, inner cup glabrous, seed sweet, germinate in fall, bark light, loose or platy

red oaks

bristle tipped, acorns mature in 2 seasons, scales rarely thick, inner cup tomentose, seed bitter, bark is dark, often nearly black, smooth when young becoming rough, blocky, or deeply furrowed when mature, tight not platy

interspecific hybrid

cross between two related species

hybrid nomenclature

Populus detoides x Populus tremuloides

or

Populus x bernardii (Bernard poplar)

MADCapBuck with a Big Ruby and Sweet, Beautiful Princess

Maples, Ashes (and pricey and devilwood), Dogwoods, Caprifoliaceae (viburnums, elderberries, honeysuckles), Buckeyes, Bignoniaceae (S. catalpa), Rubiaceae (buttonbush), American beautyberry, Sweet shrub, Princess tree (paulownia)

crenate margin

rounded teeth on margin

serrate margin

toothed

acute

tips form an acute angle

acuminate

tip is acute and very tapered

thorn

modified branch

spine

modified stipule or leaf

prickle

modified bark

natural range

geographical area where species has been documented to occur, where conditions of climate and soil are suitable and available for species to grow (not fixed)

habitat

combination of environmental conditions (climate, soil, physiology, biota, disturbance)

indicator species

site-specific species that is indicative of a certain habitat

cosmopolitan species

can grow most anywhere

true terminal bud

lacks leaf scar

lateral buds

have leaf scar

pseudoterminal bud

has an aborted shoot tip and leaf scar, bud is usually angled to one side