Biology

made by a post undergrad taking bio before PA school

Basic Unit of Life

cell !

Organelle that is main ATP producer in eukaryotic cells

mitochondria

Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic cells

Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane bound nucleus

Types of Prokaryotes

Bacteria and Archea

Four Classes of biological Macromolecules

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids

Monomers in Proteins

Amino Acids

What do enzymes do?

Biological catalysts

What do catalysts do?

Speed up reactions by lowering activation energy

Membrane

controls what enters and leaves

Osmosis

Passive transport of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Overall Equation for Cellular Respiration

Glucose is broken down with oxygen to release energy captured as ATP, with CO2, and water as byproducts.

Cellular Respiration

Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, Electron Transport Chain

Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

DNA → RNA —> Protein

What is the base pair for Adenine (A) in DNA?

Thymine (T)

Transcription vs Translation

Transcription creates mRNA, Translation reads mRNA

Where does Transcription occur?

the nucleus of eukaryotes

Where does Translation occur?

in ribosomes of Euk and Prok

Mitosis results in

two genetically identical diploid daughter cells from one mother

Meiosis results in

a gamete produced from a sperm and egg through two divisions, creates variation

Mitosis Phases in Order:

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Mitosis is PHAT!

What is a Genotype?

the allele makeup (geno = genes)

What is a Phenotype?

observable trait (pheno = feet = ew i see feet)

Taxonomy Heirarchy:

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Passive transport:

moves down the gradient with no ATP

Active transport:

move against gradient using ATP

Ribosome role

synthesizes proteins

Fluid Mosaic Model of Plasma Membrane

A phospholipid bilayer where integral proteins and lipids move laterally and peripheral proteins attach to the surface

Phospholipid Bilayer:

a double-layered sheet of phospholipid molecules that forms the primary core of all cellular and organelle membranes