4, Correlation vs causation

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6 Terms

1
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Covariation

When two variables change together in a systematic way.

2
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Temporal precedence

The cause must happen before the effect.

3
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Third-variable problem

A third variable may explain the relationship between two other variables.

4
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Spurious association

An apparent relationship between two variables that is explained by another variable.

5
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Moderation

When the relationship between two variables changes depending on a third variable.

6
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Moderator variables

Variables that change the strength or direction of the relationship between two other variables.