block 2 rbc

Hematology

study of blood and blood disorders

Blood Plasma

90% water + 7% plasma proteins (albunins, globulins, fibrinogen) + 2% other substances

Erythrocytes RBCs

transport oxygen and to help transport carbon dioxide/diameter = 7.5microns. 5-6 million/person

Thrombocytes/Platelets

fragments of megakarocytes. Blood clotting. Diameter = 2-4 um. 150,000-400,000 platelets/ uL blood

Leukocytes/ WBCS

variable size & shape. 5000-10000 WBCs/uL blood. Immunity & protection

Granular Lymphocytes

1. Neutrophil

2. Eosinophil

3. Basophil

Agranular Lymphocytes

1. Monocytes

2. Lymphocytes (T & B Cells)

Erythropoiesis

erythropoietin (epo) hormone stimulating production of RBCS

Hematocrit

% of blood occupied by RBCs

Female Normal Hematocrit Range

38-46% (42% avg)

Male Normal Hematocrit Range

Male 40-54% (46% avg) (Testosterone → more erythropoiesis)

Anemia

Not enough RBCs (or hemoglobin) for proper O2 transfer

Polycythemia

Having an excess of RBCs (over 65%). Dehydration, tissue hypoxia, blood doping in athletes

Hemoglobin

4 large globulin protein chains + heme group

Heme Group

porphyrin ring that surrounds a single iron molecule. One Hb can bind to 4 total O2

FEMALE Hemoglobin Conc

14 g/dL (g/100mL)

MALE Hemoglobin Conc

16 g/dL (g/100mL

Erythropoiesis Steps

RBCs in Red Bone Marrow → Stem Cells → proerythroblasts → erythroblasts → reticulocyte → mature erythrocyte (hemoglobin produced & nucleus ejected)

Erythropoietin

produced by kidneys; stimulates erythropoiesis (increases RBC precursors)

Thrombopoietin

produced by liver; stimulates platelet formation

Cytokines

local hormones of bone marrow that stimulate proliferation in other marrow cells. Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) & interleukins stimulate WBC production