pelvis

What four major bones form the pelvis

2x in nominate bones

Sacrum

Coccyx

Which three individual bones fuse together to form the innominate bone?

Ilium

Ischium

Pubis

What are the three primary physiological functions of the pelvis

Support the weight of the upper body

How do you differentiate between a male and a female pelvic girdle anatomically

Male: Smaller, more obstructed pelvic opening; V-shaped pubic arch

Female: larger, less obstructed pelvic opening; U-shaped pubic arch

Trace the pathway of urine through the urinary system from creation to excretion

Kidneys

Ureters

Urinary bladder

Urethra

What major smooth muscle is found in the urinary bladder wall, and what is the primary function of the bladder?

The detrusor muscle. The primary function is the temporary storage of urine

Which specific components of the lower gastrointestinal tract reside inside the pelvic cavity

Sigmoid colon

Rectum

Anus/anal canal

What are the key features of the rectum and anal canal as noted in pelvic mapping

Rectum- used for storage, water absorption and solidification of stool

Anus- controlled by internal and external sphincter muscles

What are the three primary regional lymph nodes groups in the pelvis that follow the paths of the main blood vessels

External iliac nodes

Internal iliac nodes

Common iliac nodes

Name the three distinct tissue layers of the uterus from the outer to inner

Perimetrium: Outer protective serous layer

Myometrium: thick, muscular middle layer

Endometrium: inner mucosal lining layer

What are the three histological zones of the cervix, and which one is the crucial transformation zone

Enodcervix: lines with glandular cells

Ectocervix: lined with squamous cells

Squamocolumnar junction: The transformation zone where these two cell types meet

What are the distinct anatomical zones of the prostate gland, and which zone most commonly develops cancer

Central

Transitional

Anterior

Peripheral-prostate cancer most commonly arises

What is the physiological functions of the seminal vescicles

They secrete seminal fluid, which mixes with sperm to provide the essential nutrients and fructose needed to support sperm motility and viability