us History Unit 2

first national government?

articles of confederation in 1777

when was articles of confederation ratified?

march 1781

where did power remain in this new government, and which branches were missing?

power remained with states, with no judicial or executive branch

how much power did the original legislative branch have?

little power

Congress could declare & conduct war

Couldn’t raise taxes or levy taxes

who was the new leader of France in 1803 and what did he agree to do with the US?

napoleon Bonaparte, who sold Louisiana territory west of Mississippi to the United States

what was this exchange called?

lousiana purchase, Thomas Jefferson bought for 15 million dollars

what impact did the Louisiana territory have on thee is and how did Jefferson respond to it?

it nearly doubled the size of the US

jefferson sent Merriwether Lewis and William Clark to explore the new territory

Known as the Lewis and Clark expedition

which invention in 1793 made cotton the souths leading crop?

cotton gin

increased need for slaves

what are the differences in the number of bales of cotton produced in the south in 1800 with that in 1860?

1800 = 0.1 million bales of cotton

1860 = 3.8 million bales of cotton

what are differences between number of slaves in the South in 1800 compared to 1860

1800 = 0.9 million slaves

1860 = 4 million slaves

which two states dominated the southern cotton trade in 1826 and 1859?

1826 = Georgia and South carolina

1859 = Mississippi and alabama

which 3 states had the most slaves in 1820 and 1860

1820 = Virginia, North and south carolina

1860 = Virginia, Georgia, mississippi

the authors of the Constitution established a representative government based upon which 6 basic principles?

popular sovereignty

separation of powers

limited government

federalism

checks and balances

representative government

definition of popular sovereignty, and how is it reflected in the constitution?

it means the government derives political authority from the people

it’s reflected in the passage “We the People of the United States”

what does federalism mean?

balancing both state and federal power

constitutional convention in 1789

held In philadelphia

2 govt. plans were introduced

Virginia Plan

Proposed by James Madison

Republican gov.

sponsored by big states & federalists

Taxes collected from commerce

Bicameral government (2 house)

Bigger population = more state rep.

Executive branch, President who can regulate trade, veto state laws and build an army

New Jersey Plan

Proposed by William paterson

Supported by small states and anti fedderalists

Loose confederation instead of united nation

Only one house, Congress

Same representatives despite state population

Taxes collected from commerce

Great compromise

Proposed by Roger Sherman

Three branches: judicial, executive, legislative

Bicameral— upper house is Senate, lower house is House of Representatives

2 senators no matter size of state

House of Representatives has varying representatives depending on size and population

Bill of Rights appeased anti federalists

Federalists vs anti federalists

Federalists wanted strong central govt.

Antifederalists feared the government gaining too much power

who wrote the federalists papers?

James Madison

Alexander hamilton

John jay

What did the federalists write?

Federalist paapers

Laid foundation for separation of powers & checks and balances

Who were leaders of the antifederalists?

Patrick Henry and Samuel Adams

First amendment

Freedom of protest, assembly, press, religion, speech

Second amendment

Right to bear arms

Third amendment

Government cannot force you to let a soldier stay in your home in times of peace

Fourth amendment

Protection against unlawful search & seizure of your home/car without a warrant, probable cause, or consent

Fifth amendment

Rights of the accussed— just reasons to go to trial, protection from double Jeopardy, cannot be forced to testify against yourself (I plead the fifth)

Sixth amendment

Speedy trial- no unfair detainment and right to provide witnesses and lawyer for yourself

Seventh amendment

Rights of the sued- right to trial if value over 20$

Eigth amendment

No cruel or unusal punishment or bail fines

Ninth amendment

Rights not listed in Constitution cannot be taken away- individual rights and freedoms

Tenth amendment

States retain power if not explicitly stated in the Constitution