EXAM 1 - GLOBAL ARCHITECTURAL HISTORY I

Why do scholars looking at Stonehenge focus so much on the relatively small bluestones?

Their distant source implies a complex political and communication structure.

The vernacular houses of the Marsh Arabs show...

A possible formal source for monumental architecture.

Which of these is NOT a theory that has been advanced to explain Stonehenge?

That it originally had a roof.

Where is this?

Malta

Which of these is a factor that complicates interpretation of this structure?

It was built in multiple phases.

Which of these has NOT been found at Indus sites like Mohenjo-Daro, Pakistan?

A temple or religious structure.

When elements of site are arranged in a circle, it suggests that attention might be...

Directed to the center.

Which of these is NOT a characteristic of an architectural vernacular?

Buildings are always drawn before they are built.

Based on recent research, which of these sites is not believed to have attracted pilgrims form a large area?

Tel Meggido

Mud brick does which of these the best?

Thermal insulation

Which of these is true about the history of the Newark Earthworks since 1800 AD?

Local settlers voted to preserve part of them.

Which term best describes the architectural element pictured?

Buttress

What type of structure is this?

Dolmen

Which of these is not a formal characteristic of the Neolithic temples of Malta?

Angular

Which of these is a characteristic of the Neolithic?

Cultivation of grains

What is the best term for the construction shown below?

Pylon

What is the term for the type of masonry technique used in Egyptian buildings like Djoser's mortuary complex? (“Masonry” means building with stone or brick.)

Ashlar

Order these important Mesopotamian buildings from earliest to latest.

Temple of Anu, Uruk → Ziggurat of Ur-Nammu, Ur → Palace of Zimrilim, Mari → Ishtar Gate, Babylon

Which of these is NOT a characteristic of Persepolis?

Persian style columns are used exclusively.

Which of these is a development around the beginning of the 4th dynasty in Egypt that seems to relate to the form of the pyramid complex at Giza?

Change in beliefs about the afterlife.

New Kingdom Egyptian cult temples can be entered from any direction because there is no particular path of movement through the buildings.

False

The Western Defufa at Kerma, Sudan has no accessible interior space.

False

What term best describes the way light enters this space?

Clerestory

What term best describes the space shown in the image below?

Hypostyle

Which of these is a means that Egyptian architects used to create differences between spaces in the cult temples?

Lighting goes from bright to dark.

Which of these is NOT an innovative feature of Djoser's mortuary complex?

Hypostyle hall

Which phrase best describes the way kings are portrayed in Sumerian cities before the late 2000s BC?

Humble servant of the city's god

Which of these is NOT a major visual or formal characteristic of the temple of Eanna (or Inane) at Uruk?

Use of columns

Which of these phrases best describes the organizing principle of Hatshepsut's mortuary temple at Deir El-Bahari?

Axial path ascending terraces

Where is this structure?

Babylon, Iraq

Who was the primary audience for writing on the interior walls of Egyptian temples and tombs?

The gods

Which of these is a kind of document frequently encountered in the writings recovered in Mesopotamia?

Records of business transactions

Order these important Egyptian buildings from earliest to latest.

Mortuary complex of Djoser, Saqqara → Mortuary complex of Khafre, Giza → Temple of the Aten, Amarna

On this image of the theater at Epidauros click on the space used by the chorus during a performance?

Click the flat round area at the bottom center of the theater.

What term best describes “3” on this drawing? (IMAGE)

Capital

What term best describes “6” on this drawing?

Base

Click on the cella of this Doric temple plan.

Click the large rectangular room in the middle of the plan.

What term best describes “4” on this drawing?

Stylobate

Which of these is not a difference between Doric and Ionic temple formats?

One has no columns at the rear

Which of the “orders” is used in the Erechtheion?

Ionic

Which of these characteristics is most typical of an Etruscan Temple?

Columns only in front

Which term describes “5” on this drawing?

Frieze

Which of these best describes why the Parthenon and the rest of the buildings on the Athenian Acropolis were built in the late 5th century BC?

Celebrate victory over the Persians

Order these buildings from earliest to latest.

Palace of Knossos → Tholos tomb at Mycenae → Temple of Aphaia at Aegina → Temple of Athena Nike, Athens

Which of these phrases best summarizes the Greek definition of “symmetry” as transmitted by Vitruvius?

Proportional relationship between the parts and the whole

Which of these is the most accurate date for the Parthenon?

430 BC

Which of these is a difference between a Minoan palace and a Mycenaean citadel?

Heavy fortifications and walls

Which of these is NOT a purpose associated with this type of building?

Used for weddings and funerals

This space is covered by a groin vault.

False

Which of these is something you would probably see in the atrium of an upper class Roman house?

Elaborate pieces of furniture made of bronze or marble

Semicircular arches are not as structurally efficient as catenary or parabolic arches.

True

Which phrase best describes how Roman architects used engaged columns?

To create a non-structural layer of correct Greek details

What term best describes the space labeled “6” on this plan?

Tabling

Vitruvius states that people of modest means don't need spaces like an atrium or tabling in their houses because...

No one is coming to see them asking for favors

Which of these is a function associated with the baths in cities like Pompeii or Herculaneum?

Getting a haircut

The kingdom of Aksum played an important role in trade between the Roman Empire and India.

True

Which emperor is usually understood to have introduced sophisticated concrete construction to Rome with his Domus Aurea (Golden House)?

Nero

In the great majority of Roman cities, there is a temple dedicated to Jupiter the Best and Greatest. What term is used to describe these temples?

Capitolium

What building type is shown in this plan?

Basilica

Many scholars date the Pantheon to the year 127 AD. Why?

Hadrian visited Rome at that point

What is the best term for this architectural element?

Pilaster

The purpose of this space is unclear. Which of these possibilities is least credible?

Used for elaborate dinners hosted by the emperor

One of the themes stressed in Vitruvius' “Ten Books” is that a good architect...

Should never advertise their services

Which of these is NOT a characteristic of Augustus' building program in Rome?

Built an opulent palace for himself

Which of these is NOT a characteristic of building in the Parthian and Sassanian empires?

Correct use of the Greek orders

Which component of Hadrian's villa at Tivoli is intended to evoke a religious site in Egypt?

Canopus

Which of these best describes the purpose of wall paintings in Roman houses?

Mythological themes demonstrate the learning and religiosity of the inhabitants

Which of these is not a characteristic of Roman Imperial monuments built of concrete?

Walls are thin membranes

Order these buildings chronologically.

Baths of Caracalla → Palace of Diocletian, Split → Santa Sabina, Rome → San Vitale, Ravenna

Following the teachings of Saint Ambrose of Milan, the ____ shape was frequently used for baptisteries

Octagon

Which of these is a key visual feature of Hagia Sophia in Istanbul (Constantinople)?

Windows around the base of the dome

What term best describes the area marked with a “?” on this plan?

Aisle

Which of these statements best describes the difference between a Civil Basilica and one built for Christian worship?

The altar in the Christian basilica is where the emperor's status was in the civil basilica.

What type of building is shown here?

Basilica

Spolia columns were used in the Christian basilicas built under Constantine because there was no money to make new ones.

False

Which of these was NOT an imperial ritual in Justinian's church of Hagia Sophia?

The people filled the space under the dome and sang hymns

What ritual was often associated with centrally planned buildings in Early Christian practice?

Baptism

Which term describes the peculiar system of government that Diocletian tried to establish?

Tetrarchy