Chapter 15: Body Systems Check-In Quiz

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the key structures, functions, and terms of the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, and excretory systems.

Cardiovascular System

Body system responsible for carrying oxygen, absorbing nutrients, and fighting disease.

Kidneys

Organs that filter toxic materials and waste products out of the bloodstream.

Arteries

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

Veins

Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart.

Capillaries

Vessels that serve as the turn-around point where oxygen is dropped off in body cells before blood returns to the heart.

Atria and Ventricles

The $4$ chambers of the heart, divided into the upper chambers (atria) and lower chambers (ventricles).

Platelets

Blood cells responsible for causing blood clots to form.

White Blood Cells

Blood cells responsible for protecting the body against infection.

Plasma

The fluid part of the blood.

Hemoglobin

The oxygen-carrying protein found in the blood.

Red Blood Cells

Blood cells responsible for transporting the oxygen-carrying protein hemoglobin throughout the body.

Universal Precaution

Safety guideline requiring a person to always cover their hands before touching blood that is not their own to prevent disease transmission.

Respiratory System

Body system responsible for the exchange of gases between the body and the environment.

External Respiration

Process in which oxygen moves from the environment into the lungs and carbon dioxide is released during exhalation.

Internal Respiration

Process in which body cells pick up oxygen from the bloodstream and release carbon dioxide and waste products into the blood to be exhaled.

Diaphragm

The primary muscle involved in respiration.

Trachea

The largest main airway into the lungs, commonly known as the windpipe.

Bronchi

The main airway tubes leading directly into the lung tissue.

Bronchioles

Branching tubes within the lung tissue situated between the bronchi and the alveoli.

Alveoli

Tiny air sacs at the ends of the bronchioles that serve as the site of gas exchange between the lungs and the blood.

Epiglottis

A flap of tissue that closes over the trachea during swallowing to prevent choking or swallowing air into the stomach.

Asthma

A respiratory illness characterized by a narrowing of all the system's tubes, making breathing difficult.

Pneumonia

A respiratory disease characterized by fluid buildup in the alveoli, producing a wet, mucus-producing cough.

Digestive System

Body system responsible for digestion, absorption, and elimination.

Mastication

The process of chewing food, which occurs in the mouth.

Esophagus

The tube through which food drops from the mouth to the stomach.

Stomach

Digestive organ that works alongside the liver and pancreas to break down and digest food into separate nutrients.

Small Intestine

Digestive organ where $90\%$ of nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream.

Large Intestine

Digestive organ where water, vitamins, and minerals are removed to form feces.

Peristalsis

Involuntary muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract.

Bile

A yellow-green fluid produced by the liver responsible for the breakdown and absorption of fats.

Excretory System

Body system responsible for removing all waste products from the body.

Ureter

The tube that carries blood waste and urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

Bladder

A hollow muscular organ that holds urine.

Urethra

The tube that removes urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.