Types of Research

Quantitative Research

Analyzes variable relationships using instruments like questionnaires and tests for numeric data.

Alternative names for Quantitative Research

Empirical-Analytical methods and Positivist methods.

Survey Research (Quantitative)

Analyzes data from instruments like tests, questionnaires, or surveys.

Cross-sectional Survey

Measures research variables at the same point in time.

Longitudinal Survey

Measures independent variables first, then dependent variables.

Experimental Research (Quantitative)

Analyzes cause-effect relationships using control and experimental groups.

Qualitative Research

Explores and interprets meanings people ascribe to issues based on subjective narration.

Alternative name for Qualitative Research

Interpretative methods.

Narrative Research

Analyzes the life experiences of chosen participants through storytelling.

Phenomenological Research

Analyzes commonalities in the lived experiences of individuals facing a phenomenon.

Grounded Theory

Develops a scientific explanation by analyzing a phenomenon and element relationships.

Ethnography

Analyzes a social phenomenon within its culture through natural environment immersion.

Case Study

In-depth analysis of a specific phenomenon over time across various aspects.

Mixed Methods Research

Combines qualitative and quantitative data for a comprehensive understanding.

Convergent Parallel Mixed Method

Qualitative and quantitative data are gathered simultaneously and merged.

Explanatory Sequential Mixed Method

Quantitative data is gathered first, then explained by qualitative data.

Exploratory Sequential Mixed Method

Qualitative data is gathered first, further explored by quantitative data.