Cardiovascular & Lymphatic Systems As Questions + Overview (RAD 1101)
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The heart sits within the...
mediastinum behind the sternum
The apex of the heart goes down and to the left which it rests on the _____ at the _____ intercostal space
diaphragm; 5th intercostal space
The double walled sac that surrounds the heart is the:
pericardium
The inner layer of the pericardium is the:
epicardium (or visceral pericardium)
The fibrous outer layer of the pericardium is the:
parietal pericardium
The fluid between the layers in the pericardium is known as the:
serous fluid
The cardiac muscle of the heart is the:
myocardium
The inner endothelial lining of the chambers and valves is the:
endocardium
What are the chambers of the heart?
right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle
The fibrous tissue wall that separates chambers of the heart is the:
septum
Where and what is the interatrial septum?
fibrous tissue between the atria
Where and what is the interventricular septum?
fibrous tissue between the ventricles
Which great vessel(s) of the heart carries deoxygenated blood from the upper and lower body to the right atrium?
superior and inferior vena cava
Which great vessel(s) of the heart carries deoxygenated blood away from the right ventricle toward the lungs?
pulmonary trunk
Which great vessel(s) of the heart are the branches of the pulmonary trunk and carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs?
right and left pulmonary arteries
Which arteries are the only arteries that carry deoxygenated blood to the lung/away from the heart?
right and left pulmonary arteries
Which great vessel(s) of the heart carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium?
pulmonary veins (4)
What veins are the only veins that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium/toward the heart?
pulmonary veins (4)
Which great vessel(s) of the heart carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to all body tissues?
aorta
Which great vessel of the heart is the largest blood vessel?
aorta
Where does the right side of the heart send blood to?
to the lungs
Where does the left side of the heart send blood to?
to the rest of the body
The _______ move blood away from the heart and have the thickest walls
arteries
What circulation starts from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart?
pulmonary circulation
What circulation starts at the heart and blood vessels from the left side of the heart to the body tissues and back to the right side of the heart?
systemic circulation
What circulation is part of the systemic circulation and starts from the aorta to the GI tract through liver to the inferior vena cava?
portal circulation
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide is at what level?
capillary level
What is the main function of the valves of the heart?
to prevent back flow from blood
What valves are open during heart relaxation?
the atrioventricular (AV) valves
What valves are closed when ventricles contract?
the atrioventricular (AV) valves
The atrioventricular valves consist of...
the tricuspid and bicuspid (mitral) valves
Where is the tricuspid valve located?
between the right atrium and right ventricle
Where is the bicuspid (mitral) valve located?
between the left atrium and left ventricle
What valves are closed during heart relaxation?
the semilunar valves
What valves are open when ventricles contract?
the semilunar valves
The semilunar valves consist of...
the pulmonary and aortic valve
Where is the pulmonary valve located?
between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
Where is the aortic valve located?
between the left ventricle and aorta
Blood flow on the right side of the heart is as follows:
superior & inferior vena cava → right atrium through tricuspid valve → right ventricle through pulmonary valve → pulmonary artery → lungs
The right side of the heart contains ________ blood
deoxygenated
Blood Flow Breakdown: On the right side of the heart, blood flows from the superior and inferior vena cava to the...
right atrium
Blood Flow Breakdown: On the right side of the heart, blood flows from the right atrium through which valve to the right ventricle?
tricuspid valve
Blood Flow Breakdown: On the right side of the heart, blood flows from the right atrium through the tricuspid valve to the...
right ventricle
Blood Flow Breakdown: On the right side of the heart, blood flows from the right ventricle through which valve to the pulmonary artery?
pulmonary valve
Blood Flow Breakdown: On the right side of the heart, blood flows from the right ventricle through the pulmonary valve to the...
pulmonary artery
Blood Flow Breakdown: On the right side of the heart, blood flows from the pulmonary artery to the...
lungs
Blood flow on the left side of the heart is as follows:
lungs → pulmonary veins (4) → left atrium through bicuspid (mitral) valve → left ventricle through aortic valve → aorta → all parts of the body
The left side of the heart contains ________ blood
oxygenated
Blood Flow Breakdown: On the left side of the heart, blood flows from the lungs to the...
pulmonary veins (4)
Blood Flow Breakdown: On the left side of the heart, blood flows from the pulmonary veins to the...
left atrium
Blood Flow Breakdown: On the left side of the heart, blood flows from the left atrium through which valve to the left ventricle?
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Blood Flow Breakdown: On the left side of the heart, blood flows from the left atrium through the bicuspid (mitral) valve to the...
left ventricle
Blood Flow Breakdown: On the left side of the heart, blood flows from the left ventricle through which valve to the aorta?
aortic valve
Blood Flow Breakdown: On the left side of the heart, blood flows from the left ventricle through the aortic valve to the...
aorta
Blood Flow Breakdown: On the left side of the heart, blood flows from the aorta to the...
parts of the body
What branches from the base of the aorta and supplies the heart with oxygen rich blood?
right and left coronary arteries
What drains the myocardium of blood and empties into the coronary sinus which is found on the back of the heart?
cardiac veins
What causes the heart to control involuntary?
autonomic nerves
In the intrinsic conduction or nodal system, what is located in the right atrium and is known as the "pacemaker" of the heart?
sinoatrial (SA) node
In the intrinsic conduction or nodal system, what is at the junction of the atria and ventricles?
atrioventricular (AV) node
In the intrinsic conduction or nodal system, what is known as the Bundle of His?
atrioventricular (AV) bundle
In the intrinsic conduction or nodal system, what is found in the ventricular septum?
bundle branches
In the intrinsic conduction or nodal system, what is spread within the heart muscle?
Purkinje fibers
The contraction phase of the heart is known as:
systole
The relaxation phase or filling phase is known as:
diastole
The lub-dup sound of the heart is caused by what?
closing of the valves
The atrial systolic phase of the cardiac cycle lasts...
0.1 seconds
During the atrial systolic phase of the cardiac cycle, what contracts?
the right and left atria
During the atrial systolic phase of the cardiac cycle, what valves are open?
tricuspid and bicuspid valves
During the atrial systolic phase of the cardiac cycle, what valves are closed?
pulmonary and aortic valves
The ventricular systolic phase of the cardiac cycle lasts...
0.3 seconds
During the ventricular systolic phase of the cardiac cycle, what contracts?
the right and left ventricles
During the ventricular systolic phase of the cardiac cycle, what valves are open?
pulmonary and aortic valves
During the ventricular systolic phase of the cardiac cycle, what valves are closed?
tricuspid and bicuspid valves
The diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle lasts...
0.4 seconds
What does the heart do in the diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle?
entire heart relaxes (filling)
During the diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle, what valves are open?
tricuspid and bicuspid valves
During the diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle, what valves are closed?
pulmonary and aortic valves
The ______ carries oxygenated blood away from the heart with the exception of the pulmonary _____
arteries
The smallest branches of the arteries are known as the...
arterioles
The _____ carries deoxygenated blood toward the heart with the exception of the pulmonary ______
veins
The smallest branches of the veins are known as the...
venules
The connecting vessels between arterioles and veins are the...
capillaries
Which blood vessels have thicker walls and withstand higher pressures?
arteries
TRUE/FALSE: Veins have valves to prevent backflow.
true
Which blood vessel has larger lumens?
veins
The systemic circulation consists of the...
aorta and superior and inferior vena cava
What is the largest artery of the body?
aorta
Where does the superior vena cava drain blood from?
from the head, arms, and chest into the right atrium
Where does the inferior vena cava drain blood from?
from the lower body into the right atrium
What part of the pulmonary circulation sends branches to both lungs for deoxygenated blood?
pulmonary trunk and arteries
What part of the pulmonary circulation brings oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium?
pulmonary veins (4)
The pressure wave due to expansion and recoil of an artery is known as...
arterial pulse
These can be felt over any superficial artery due to the arterial pulse...
pressure points
What is the most common arterial pulse?
radial pulse
The pressure that blood exerts against inner walls of blood vessels and keeps blood circulating is...
blood pressure
Blood pressure is the highest in what?
arteries
Blood pressure is lower than arteries in what?
capillaries
Blood pressure is the lowest in what?
veins
When measuring blood pressure, the blood pressure in arteries at peak ventricular contraction is known as?
systolic blood pressure