SS3 Script Molecular Motion

Molecular Movement

Refers to the various types of movement exhibited by molecules, including rotation, vibration, and Brownian motion.

Forms of Energy

Different types of energy, such as kinetic energy, thermal energy, potential energy, and chemical energy.

Energy and Thermodynamics

The study of energy and its transformations, including the first and second laws of thermodynamics.

Temperature

A measurement of kinetic energy, related to the movement of molecules.

Heat

The transfer of thermal energy between objects.

Potential Energy

The energy stored in an object due to its relative position, such as chemical energy in organic molecules.

Specific Heat

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of an object by 1 degree, reflecting its ability to translate thermal energy into molecular movement.

Reactivity

The ability of a molecule to undergo a chemical reaction, influenced by its energy states and activation energy.

Free Energy

The change in energy between the start and end of a reaction, determining whether the reaction is exergonic or endergonic.

Translation and Brownian Motion

Movement of molecules in space, including lateral movement and diffusion.

Concentration

The amount of a substance in a given volume, typically measured in molarity (moles per liter).

Osmolarity and Osmotic Pressure

The concentration of solutes in a solution and the pressure exerted by the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane.

Tonicity

The effects of osmotic gradients on a cell, influenced by osmolarity and permeability.

Plants vs Animals

Differences in how plants and animals regulate osmotic gradients, with plant cells having cell walls to prevent cell swelling.