Radiation Protection Unit 2 (Own Questions)

radio-dermatitis

many radiologists and dentists developed. skin lesions on the hands and fingers that eventually became cancerous

leukemia and aplastic anemia (bone marrow failure)

Blood disorders that were also common among early radiologists

1925, nothing

When was the first international congress of radiology in London held and what did it accomplish?

1928, established roentgen as the unit related to radiation quantity exposure

When was the 2nd international congress of radiology held in Sweden and what did it accomplish?

tolerance dose

radiation dose to which occupationally exposed persons could be continuously subject to without any apparent harmful acute effects

1934 and 0.2 roentgens per day

When was tolerance dose first used and what was the dose?

Late tissue and stochastic effects started being noticed and tolerance dose was reduced to 0.1 roentgens per day

What happened with radiation protection in 1936?

SI Units and National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurement

In 1948 what two advancements to radiation protection were made?

International System of Units (SI)

makes it possible to interchange units among all branches of science throughout the world

maximum permissable dose

largest dose of ionizing radiation that an occupationally exposed person was allowed within a certain period that was not expected to cause major adverse biologic effects.

maximum permissable dose

What replaced tolerance dose for radiation protection purposes?

no amount of radiation was considered to be completely safe

What does Replacing the notion of tolerance dose with MPD mean?

1980

when were SI Units adopted

dosimetry and radiation surveys

what are traditional units still used for?expo

exposure

radiation ionization in air

coulomb per kilogram

Equal to an electrical charge of 1 C produced in a kilogram of

air by ionizing radiation

kinetic energy released per unit mass of air

what does KERMA stand for

Air KERMA

measures absorbed energy at surface of skin instead of

electrical charge

gray (Gy)

unit for measuring the concentration of radiant energy deposited in a

specific body tissue

gray (Gy)

one Joule of kinetic energy deposited within one kilogram mass of

tissue

1 J/kg = ?

1 gray (gy)

mGy - cm²

what is dose area product (DAP) measured in?

vacuDAP system

patient safety through DAP monitoring

Dose Area Product (DAP)

entire amount of energy delivered to the patient

DAP

Sum total of air K.E.R.M.A. over the exposed area of

patient

absorbed dose

amount of energy (per unit mass) absorbed by an irradiated object.

• Indicates the energy that the patient actually receives from

radiation

absorbed dose

Measures K.E.R.M.A. in tissue

1 gray of absorbed dose

Because the mass of air (1.23 kg) is similar to the mass of tissue

(1.24 kg), we can say that 1 Gray of air K.E.R.M.A. equals

equivalent dose

used to measure dose outside of the medical field

1 Sievert EqD

Because the mass of air (1.23 kg) is similar to the mass of tissue (1.24 kg), we can say that 1 Gray of air K.E.R.M.A. equals ~ 1 Gray of Absorbed Dose equals?

tissue weighting factor

Quantifies the overall potential harm & risk of developing cancer, or the risk of genetic damage

collective effective dose (ColEfD)

product of the avg. EfD for an individual belonging to the exposed population & the number of people exposed.

• The unit for this quantity is person-sievert.

collective effective dose (ColEfD)

radiation exposure of a population or group from low doses of ionizing radiation

Total Effective Dose Equivalent (TEDE)

a quantity used to monitor occupationally exposed personnel

Takes into account all possible causes of radiation

occupational exposure =0.05 Sv

whole body limit for general public = 0.001 Sv

what is the TEDE whole body limit for occupational exposure and whole body limit for general public?

increases

Risk from radiation goes down as you age, so your cumulative lifetime dose limit

cumulative effective dose limit

As radiation workers, our lifetime EfD must be limited to our age times 10 mSv

right

If converting to a more negative number, move decimal spot to the

mrem

Dose Equivalent is given in?

0.01 mSv

1 mrem = ___ mSv

10

1 mrem = ___ micro Sv