PRX 340 Solid Dosage Forms lecture

pharmaceutical powder

mixture of finely divided drugs with or without formulation excipients in dry form meant for internal or external use

Why particle size matters in : dissolution rate

Smaller particles generally dissolve faster because of greater surface area

Why particle size matters in : suspendability and sedimentation rate

Smaller particles generally settle more slowly

Why particle size matters in : uniform distribution and content uniformity

Particle size influences mixing and segregation

Why particle size matters in : penetrability

Particle size affects penetration into certain tissues or surfaces

Why particle size matters in : inhalation

Determines where particles may deposit in the respiratory tract

Why particle size matters in : non grittiness

Smaller particles can improve the smoothness of creams and ointments, 50–100 µm

Capsules

Capsules are solid dosage forms containing one or more medicinal agents enclosed in a hard or soft, soluble shell, generally made from gelatin.

what is the function of gelatin

Forms capsule shell

what is the function of sucrose

provides shell hardness

what is the function of sulfur dioxide

bleach and for transparency

what is the function of colorant or opacifier

optional coloring and optional opacity

the rule of 6’s

used to estimate capsule size for compounded prescriptions

what is the function of Plasticizer

reduce rigidity, allowing the softgel shell to bend without cracking. flexibility, elasticity, durability

what are the basis for vehicle selection

compatibility, stability, effect on bioavailability

tablets

solid dosage forms containing one or more medicinal substances with suitable pharmaceutical ingredients or excipients.

Film-coated tablets

compressed tablets covered with a thin polymeric film

Compressed tablets

created by applying high pressure to powders or granules using steel punches and dies.

buccal tablets

intended to dissolve or erode slowly in the buccal pouch, located between the cheek and gum

Sublingual tablets

dissolve beneath the tongue for absorption through the oral mucosa

Chewable tablets

designed to be chewed before swallowing

Effervescent tablets

contain a combination of acids and carbonates or bicarbonates that react in water to release carbon dioxide.

Modified-release tablets

designed to release drugs over a longer period

Colorants

Improve identification, appearance, and differentiation between strengths.

Flavors

Used in chewable tablets, effervescent tablets, and sometimes lozenges.

Sweeteners

Improve taste, particularly in chewable tablets.

granulation

converts a powder mixture into free-flowing, cohesive particles

Dry granulation

forms larger granules by compacting powders without adding a liquid binder solution.

Wet granulation

The general process involves forming a wet mass from the powder mixture, producing granules, drying them, and preparing them for compression.

content uniformity

ensures that individual tablets contain drug quantities within acceptable variation.

Tablet hardness

measured as the force required to break a tablet during a diametric compression test.

Tablet friability

measures a tablet's tendency to powder, chip, or fragment