Mader Biology 14th Edition — Chapter 8 — Multiple Choice and True/False Review

Chapter 8, original question 1. FRONT: Which of these processes occurs in cytosol? A) electron transport system B) citric acid cycle C) glycolysis D) preparatory reaction

C) glycolysis.

Chapter 8, original question 2. FRONT: Which of the following coenzymes will accept two electrons and two hydrogen ions during the oxidation of glucose? A) FADH B) NAD + C) NADH D) FAD

D) FAD.

Chapter 8, original question 3. FRONT: The majority of the carbon dioxide we exhale is produced in A) the electron transport system. B) the citric acid cycle. C) glycolysis. D) lactate fermentation.

B) the citric acid cycle.

Chapter 8, original question 4. FRONT: Acetyl CoA is produced from A) pyruvate and CoA. B) citric acid and CO 2. C) citric acid and CoA. D) ATP and pyruvate. E) CO 2 and pyruvate.

A) pyruvate and CoA.

Chapter 8, original question 5. FRONT: Why is it beneficial for pyruvate to be reduced via fermentation when oxygen is not available? A) The fermentation reaction regenerates NAD+, which is required for the first step in the energy-harvesting phase of glycolysis. B) None of the choices is an advantage. C) All of the choices are advantages. D) Fermentation can provide a rapid burst of ATP. E) The organism can survive short spells of anaerobic conditions and maintain growth and reproduction.

C) All of the choices are advantages.

Chapter 8, original question 7. FRONT: For fatty acids to enter the citric acid cycle of aerobic respiration, the fatty acids must be A) converted to acetyl groups. B) converted into five-carbon sugars. C) combined with glycerol. D) deaminated. E) combined with ATP.

A) converted to acetyl groups.

Chapter 8, original question 8. FRONT: Complete oxidative breakdown of glucose results in _____ ATP molecules. A) 4-6 B) 40-42 C) 24-26 D) 14-16 E) 36-38

E) 36-38

Chapter 8, original question 9. FRONT: The preparatory reaction converts A) glucose into pyruvates. B) pyruvates into glucose. C) pyruvates into acetyl CoA and carbon dioxide. D) pyruvates into acetyl CoA and water. E) acetyl CoA into pyruvates and carbon dioxide.

C) pyruvates into acetyl CoA and carbon dioxide.

Chapter 8, original question 10. FRONT: The amino acids we cannot synthesize are called _____ because we _____. A) essential; mustinclude them in our diet B) limiting; must include them in our diet C) unnecessary; therefore do not need them D) anabolic; must use alternative amino acids E) superfluous; mustsurvive without them

A) essential; mustinclude them in our diet

Chapter 8, original question 11. FRONT: What is the correct summary for the energy investment vs. energy harvesting steps of glycolysis? A) 2 ATP are invested and no ATP are harvested to produce a net loss of 2 ATP. B) No ATP are invested and 2 ATP are harvested to produce a net gain of 2 ATP. C) 2 ATP are invested and 4 ATP are harvested to produce a net gain of 2 ATP. D) 4 ATP are invested and 6 ATP are harvested to produce a net gain of 2 ATP.

C) 2 ATP are invested and 4 ATP are harvested to produce a net gain of 2 ATP.

Chapter 8, original question 12. FRONT: Some desert beetles can live without ever drinking liquid water. They survive on "metabolic water," which A) is water absorbed directly from the atmosphere. B) is water formed during glycolysis. C) is water obtained from eating other organisms. D) is water formed during the electron transport chain. E) is water that was stored in the beetle's tissue during its larval stage.

D) is water formed during the electron transport chain.

Chapter 8, original question 13. FRONT: Chloroplasts are capable of performing photosynthesis which is the most common anabolic process on the planet. True or False?

TRUE

Chapter 8, original question 15. FRONT: The first phase of cellular respiration is A) the citric acid cycle. B) fermentation. C) the preparatory reaction. D) glycolysis. E) the electron transport system.

D) glycolysis.

Chapter 8, original question 16. FRONT: The first reaction in the citric acid cycle binds which of the following molecules together? A) carbon dioxide to a four-carbon (C 4) molecule. B) acetyl CoA to a C 5 molecule. C) carbon dioxide to a five-carbon (C 5) molecule. D) acetyl CoA to a C 4 molecule.

D) acetyl CoA to a C 4 molecule.

Chapter 8, original question 17. FRONT: During glycolysis _____ carbons will enter the pathway and _____ carbons will leave in the form of pyruvates. A) 6; 3 B) 3; 6 C) oxaloacetate D) 6; 6 E) 12; 6

D) 6; 6

Chapter 8, original question 18. FRONT: Which process reduces molecular oxygen to water? A) the electron transport system B) the preparatory reaction C) glycolysis D) the citric acid cycle E) fermentation

A) the electron transport system

Chapter 8, original question 19.1. FRONT: Glycolysis occurs before fermentation. True or False?

TRUE

Chapter 8, original question 19.2. FRONT: Glycolysis occurs before the preparatory reaction and the citric acid cycle. True or False?

TRUE

Chapter 8, original question 19.3. FRONT: Glycolysis will yield a net of 2 ATP only during aerobic respiration. True or False?

FALSE

Chapter 8, original question 19.4. FRONT: Glycolysis produces 1 pyruvate and 3 NADH coenzymes. True or False?

FALSE

Chapter 8, original question 19.5. FRONT: Glycolysis is a catabolic process. True or False?

TRUE

Chapter 8, original question 21. FRONT: One turn of the citric acid cycle produces A) 1 NADH, 3 FADH 2, and 2 ATP. B) 3 NADH, 1 FADH 2, and 1 ATP. C) 2 NADH, FADH 2, and 2 ATP. D) 3 NADH, 2 FADH 2, and 1 ATP. E) 3 NADH, 1 FADH 2, and 2 ATP.

B) 3 NADH, 1 FADH 2, and 1 ATP.

Chapter 8, original question 23. FRONT: Aerobic cellular respiration yields about ____ of the energy of glucose in ATP molecules. A) 15% B) 2% C) 28% D) 39%

D) 39%

Chapter 8, original question 24. FRONT: Each molecule of NADH produced in the mitochondria provides enough energy to form two ATP molecules. True or False?

FALSE

Chapter 8, original question 25. FRONT: Compared with other components found in a plant cell such as the cell membrane, the chloroplasts or the nucleus, the mitochondria would be the only one that would A) form an electrochemical gradient across a membrane. B) release protons (H +). C) use significantamounts of oxygen to produce ATP. D) produce ATP via glycolysis. E) use a chemiosmoticcomplex to produce ATP.

C) use significantamounts of oxygen to produce ATP.

Chapter 8, original question 26. FRONT: The final electron acceptor in glycolysis is oxygen and this step will occur within the matrix of the mitochondria. True or False?

FALSE

Chapter 8, original question 28. FRONT: Which statement is correct about the input and output of carbon during glycolysis? A) There is an input of 6 carbons (glucose) and an output of 6 carbons (2 pyruvates). B) There is an input of 6 carbons (glucose) and an output of 3 carbons (pyruvate). C) There is an input of 6 carbons (glucose) and an output of 6 carbons (6 CO2). D) There is an input of 6 carbons (2 pyruvates) and an output of 6 carbons (1 glucose).

A) There is an input of 6 carbons (glucose) and an output of 6 carbons (2 pyruvates).

Chapter 8, original question 32. FRONT: The breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration is a catabolic reaction. True or False?

TRUE

Chapter 8, original question 34. FRONT: During the preparatory reaction of aerobic respiration what happens to the carbon molecules? A) The carbon molecules are broken down from a 3-carbon to a 1-carbon acetyl group and two 1-carbon CO2 are released. B) The carbon molecules are broken down from a 4-carbon to a 3-carbon acetyl group and a 2-carbon CO2 is released. C) The carbon molecules are converted from a 2-carbon to a 3-carbon acetyl group and a 1-carbon CO2 is consumed. D) The carbon molecules are broken down from a 3-carbon to a 2-carbon acetyl group and a 1-carbon CO2 is released.

D) The carbon molecules are broken down from a 3-carbon to a 2-carbon acetyl group and a 1-carbon CO2 is released.

Chapter 8, original question 35. FRONT: Degradative reactions A) tend to be endergonic. B) include the buildup of products such as complex proteins and nucleic acids. C) cause death. D) can drive anabolic reactions. E) All of the choices are true.

D) can drive anabolic reactions.

Chapter 8, original question 37. FRONT: The membrane protein_____ will catalyze the reaction ADP + P ATP as H flow down a gradient from the intermembrane space into the matrix. A) cholesterol B) ATP synthase C) NADH-Q reductase D) the sodium-potassium pump

B) ATP synthase

Chapter 8, original question 38. FRONT: Adult humans cannot synthesize _____ out of the _____ common amino acids. A) nine; twenty B) eleven; twenty C) nine; eleven D) half; all E) any; twenty

A) nine; twenty

Chapter 8, original question 39. FRONT: The most important contribution of the citric acid cycle to cellular respiration is A) release of CO2. B) reduction of glucose and corresponding oxidation of carbon dioxide. C) oxidation of metabolite molecules and the corresponding reduction of coenzymes. D) creation of proton gradients. E) production of large quantities of ATP.

C) oxidation of metabolite molecules and the corresponding reduction of coenzymes.

Chapter 8, original question 40. FRONT: The electron transport chain and chemiosmosis produce _____ ATP from each NADH and _____ ATP from each FADH 2 entering the system. A) 2; 4 B) 2; 3 C) 4; 2 D) 3; 2

D) 3; 2

Chapter 8, original question 42. FRONT: The correct sequence for aerobic metabolic breakdown of glucose is A) glycolysis—preparatory reaction—citric acid cycle—electron transport system. B) electron transport system—citric acid cycle—preparatory reaction—glycolysis. C) preparatory reaction—glycolysis—electron transport—citric acid cycle. D) None of the choices are correct.

A) glycolysis—preparatory reaction—citric acid cycle—electron transport system.

Chapter 8, original question 44. FRONT: Fermentation follows glycolysis in some cells when oxygen is not available. True or False?

TRUE

Chapter 8, original question 45. FRONT: Some bacteria are strict aerobes and others are strict anaerobes. Some bacteria, however, are facultative anaerobes and can live with or without oxygen. If given the choice of using oxygen or not, which pathwayshould a facultative anaerobe perform? A) It doesn'tmatter; both processes will produce the same results. B) Avoid using oxygen since anaerobic metabolism provides more ATP per molecule of carbohydrate than aerobic metabolism. C) Use oxygen since aerobic metabolism provides more ATP per molecule of carbohydrate than anaerobic metabolism.

C) Use oxygen since aerobic metabolism provides more ATP per molecule of carbohydrate than anaerobic metabolism.

Chapter 8, original question 46. FRONT: Fermentation is the process that produces bubbles of carbon dioxide that makes bread dough rise. True or False?

TRUE

Chapter 8, original question 48. FRONT: Which process produces both NADH and FADH 2? A) the citric acid cycle B) fermentation C) the electron transport system D) glycolysis E) the preparatory reaction

A) the citric acid cycle

Chapter 8, original question 49. FRONT: Which process produces alcohol or lactate? A) the citric acid cycle B) glycolysis C) the electron transport system D) fermentation E) the preparatory reaction

D) fermentation