SWC Human Anatomy - Body Regions, Levels of Organization, and Diagnostic Concepts

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering anatomical terminology, body regions, microscopy, germ layers, cavity coverings, and diagnostic imaging based on SWC Human Anatomy lecture and quiz sources.

Gross Anatomy

The branch of anatomy dealing with macroscopic structures, often studied regionally by cutting tissues up.

Surface Anatomy

The study of anatomical landmarks by examining the outer layer of the body without cutting it open.

Cytology

The study of individual cells, typically requiring an electron microscope.

Histology

The study of tissues using a light microscope.

Cyanosis

A medical condition where a patient's lips and fingertips turn blue due to a lack of adequate oxygen delivery to tissues.

Hormones

Chemical messengers in the blood produced by the endocrine system.

Levels of Structural Organization

The hierarchy of the human body from smallest to largest: chemical, molecule, cells, tissue, organs, and organ system.

Total Magnification Formula

The calculation for overall magnification on a light microscope: $\text{Total Magnification} = \text{Objective Lens} \times \text{Ocular Lens}$

Class Light Microscope Limitations

Microscopes with long wavelengths and low resolution, preventing them from being used to view individual single cells.

Stem Cells

Undifferentiated cells that have the capability to develop into other specific types of cells.

Ectoderm

Layer 1 (superior germ layer) which gives rise to epidermal structures.

Mesoderm

Layer 2 (middle germ layer) which gives rise to muscles, bones, and connective tissues.

Endoderm

Layer 3 (inferior-most germ layer) which gives rise to the airway and gastrointestinal (GI) tract.

Parietal Layer

The outer layer of a serous membrane that lines the cavity wall.

Visceral Layer

The inner layer of a serous membrane that directly covers an internal organ.

Ventral Serous Membranes

The three main serous membranes of the ventral body cavity: Pleural, Pericardial, and Peritoneum.

Meninges

The protective covering membranes lining the dorsal body cavity.

Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)

The abdominopelvic quadrant affected during appendicitis.

CT Scan

A detailed X-ray imaging method that provides greater detail than standard X-rays, which primarily show bones.

MRI

An imaging modality used to observe soft tissues and blood flow.

Cephalic

Anatomical region term referring to the head.

Cranial

Anatomical region term referring to the skull.

Frontal

Anatomical region term referring to the forehead.

Orbital

Anatomical region term referring to the eye.

Buccal

Anatomical region term referring to the cheek.

Mental

Anatomical region term referring to the chin.

Cervical

Anatomical region term referring to the neck.

Axillary

Anatomical region term referring to the armpit.

Brachial

Anatomical region term referring to the arm from shoulder to elbow.

Antecubital

Anatomical region term referring to the front of the elbow.

Antebrachial

Anatomical region term referring to the forearm.

Carpal

Anatomical region term referring to the wrist.

Inguinal

Anatomical region term referring to the groin.

Coxal

Anatomical region term referring to the hip.

Femoral

Anatomical region term referring to the thigh.

Patellar

Anatomical region term referring to the patella (kneecap).

Crural

Anatomical region term referring to the leg from knee to ankle.

Tarsal

Anatomical region term referring to the ankle.

Pes (Pedal)

Anatomical region term referring to the foot.

Olecranon

Anatomical region term referring to the elbow (posterior).

Gluteal

Anatomical region term referring to the buttock.

Perineum

Anatomical region term referring to the area between the anus and genital organs.

Popliteal

Anatomical region term referring to the back of the knee.

Sural

Anatomical region term referring to the calf.

Calcaneal

Anatomical region term referring to the heel.