radiology

proprietary

A proprietary hospital is a healthcare facility that operates for profit, often owned by private investors or corporations, rather than being funded by the government or nonprofit organizations.

private hospital (charitable or religious)

not for profit medical institution serving communities

mission statement

basic philosophy, govern the activities of the facilities, and guidance for decisions

patients

most important people in the healthcare community

oncology

tumors

urologist

diagnoses and treats problems of the urinary tract and the male reproductive system

interns

recent medical school graduates gaining practical experience

fellows

licensed physicians receiving advanced training

residents

licensed physicians in an education program to become certified in a specialty area

attendings

supervises others

executive board

establishes goals, policies, financial plans, and hires the director

administrative or support departments

medical records, comptrollers, supply, housekeeping, laundry, medical library, personnel

radiology manager/radiology department chief aka officer in charge (1)

works with radiologists and establishes policies and budgets

chief radiographer aka NOCIO & LCPO

manages day to day activities

standard operating procedures (sop)

basic set of instructions/ensure effectiveness/to meet standards and hospital policies

nosocomial infection

hospital acquired infection

fomite

an object that has been in contact with a pathogenic organism

vehicle

any medium that transports microorganisms

epidemic

same time in same area

asepsis

absence of microorganisms

disinfection

destruction of pathogens using chemical materials

sterlization

treating items with gas, heat, or chemicals to make them germ free

sterile field

microorganism free area prepared for the use of sterile supplies and equipment

standard precautions apply to

blood, All body fluids, secretions/excretions except sweat, non intact skin, mucous membranes

hand hygiene

hands lower than elbows/20 seconds/friction/microbial and septic are the same thing

prevent, handle, clean, and dispose of

sharp instruments or devices

airborne precautions

stay in air, dust particles, 5 microns or smaller, ex: tb and measles, negative pressure (n95 mask)

droplet precaution

temporary, greater than 5 microns, ex: pnuemonia, diphtheria, and influenza and another example is a cough (classified according to their shape)

microorganisms

living organisms and most do not cause infection or disease

bacteria

singe living cell, grows independently, resistant to destruction

viruses

non living organisms, cannot survive independently,

virion

particle made up of DNA and RNA

capsid

outer protein coating

protozoa

single celled animals that exist as free living organisms, few form cysts to survive, ex: malaria, amebiasis, giardiasis

prions

may be infectious proteins, do not have DNA or RNA, resistant to body’s natural defenses

fungi

yeast, mold, spore formation, helps decompose dead plants and animals, causes diseases and infections

reservoir of infection

any place where pathogens thrive

portal of exit

any route blood, body fluids, excretions or secretions leave the body sus

susceptible host

patients with a reduced natural resistance to infection

port of entry

route microorganisms use to gain access into the host ex: break in skin, mouth, nose, eyes etc

transmission of disease (touch)(6)

direct conact, fomites, vectors (insects), vehicles, airborne, droplet

hiv

thru sexual contact, contaminated blood or needles, from mother to fetus/breast milk

hepatitis (a)(5 types)

food and water contaminated with feces

hep b

bloodborne, vaccine, survive in dried blood

hep c

silent infection, blood borne

hep d

co infection also bloodborne

hep e

uncommon, food and water contaminated with feces

tb

lung disease, thru airborne/droplet nuclei, thru coughs/speaking

interpreter

only speaks what has been said both by the patient and to the patient

when speaking

look directly at the patient and speak as though the patient were able to understand you

aphasia

the inability to speak

autonomy

control

denial

refuses to accept the truth

anger

frustration of helplessness

bargaining

attempting to earn forgiveness or mitigation

depression

withdrawn, quiet, or may cry

acceptance

accepts the loss or death

neonate (birth to 1yr)

hold, cuddle, parents present and grow rapidly

toddler (1-2)

explore and manipulate the environment, community with two or three word sentences

preschooler (3-5 yrs)

independence, demonstration, why questions

school age 6-12

be honest, demonstration, can think logically

adolescent 13-18

respect their concerns, modesty, establish rapport, ask pregnancy status

young adult 19-45

finding place in society, level of understanding

middle adult 46-64

lifestyle changes, allow them to make choices and involve them

late adult 65-79 old adult 80+

open minded, help them feel comfy, assist with ambulation, use name and ask where they’re born

ageism

discrimination against people because of increasing age

npo

nothing by mouth

opqrst

onset, provokes, quality, radiation, severity, time

cyanotic

bluish/lack of oxygen

ADUC

alert and conscious, drowsy but responsive, unconscious but reactive to painful stimuli, comatose

orthopnea

inability to breathe when recumbent

phyrexia

an elevation in temp above the normal average

contraindication

when drinking hot or cold beverage/breathing oxygen or breathing thru mouth

rectal

accurate and faster

axillary

slower and less accurate

tympanic

forehead/tympanic membrane

temporal artery therm

temporal artery

tachycardia

greater than 100 bpm

bradycardia

less than 60 BPM

tachypnea

more than 20 breaths

bradypnea

fewer than 12 breaths

hypertension

common men before 50 and women after 50

application of restraints requires doctor order

includes wrist/ankle strap and vest with straps

immobilization

to keep patients from moving which is allowed

pigg o stat

chest or abdomen x ray for babies

principles of body mechanics

body alignment, movement, and balance

base of support

body in contact with floor

center of gravity

body most stable when center of gravity nearest center of base of support (point of which weight of body is balanced)

line of gravity

imaginary line passing thru center of gravity and bisects base of support