APUSH Chapter 11 Vocab

Frederick Douglass

Definition: An escaped slave who became a leading abolitionist and writer.

Significance: His speeches exposed the cruelty of slavery and he later advised President Lincoln.

The "Peculiar Institution"

Definition: A Southern term for chattel slavery, highlighting its unique role in American society.

Significance: It helped justify slavery as essential to Southern culture and the economy, and signified the divison between north and south to come.

Cotton is KING

Definition: A phrase showing cotton's massive economic dominance in the U.S. and global economy before the civil war.

Significance: Drove rapid expansion of chattel slavery in the south due to need of more labor.

Second Middle Passage / Slave Markets

Definition: The forced internal migration of over a million enslaved people to the Deep South. Slave marktes were hubs where slaves were bought, sold, and traded like commerical property.

Significance:

It tore apart families and fueled the "Cotton Kingdom."

Slave markets were a core component in the triangular trade/exchange.

Paternalism

Definition: A Southern ideology stating slavery was a benevolent instiution based on care, guidance, and parental-like figures. (basically viewing htem aschildren who cant take care of htemselves)

Significance: It masked the violence of slavery and served as a core proslavery argument.

Fugitive Slave Law / Fugitive slaves

Definition: Law that required return of escaped enslaved people to their enslavers. Fugitive slaves - enslaved ppl who ran from their owners to free states.

Significance:

Harshness of the laws made abolition movements form and things like the undergorund railroad.

Underground Railroad / Harriet Tubman

Definition: A secret escape network for enslaved people led by figures like Harriet Tubman. Harriet was a former snalved person who led many slaves to freedom thru the underground railroad.

Significance:

Underground railroad served as a symbol of enslaevd resistance,fueling more aboltion movements. tubman’s actions also increased the restictions of fugitive slaves thru stricter laws.

La Amistad

Definition: A Spanish slave ship seized taken by African Americans who were evenually freed by the US spreme court.

Significance: It led to a landmark Supreme Court case that energized the abolitionist movement.

Denmark Vesey's Conspiracy

Definition: An alleged major slave rebellion planned in South Carolina organized by Denmark Vesey.

Significance: It heightened Southern fear and resulted in stricter slave codes.

Nat Turner's Rebellion

Definition: A deadly armed slave uprising in Virginia led by Nat Turner, killing around 60 people.

Significance: It terrified white Southerners and ended Southern debate over emancipation (they wanna keep slavery)

The American Colonization Society

Definition: An 1816 organization advocating for relocating freed slaves to Liberia.

Significance: It was rejected by Black leaders who demanded immediate abolition and civil rights.

William Lloyd Garrison / The Liberator

Definition: A radical white abolitionist founded the Liberator - which was influential and called for immediate, uncompensated abolition of slavery.

Significance: It shifted the movement toward immediate emancipation, and he co-founded the aerican anti-slavery society to pormote mor eemancipation.