Electricity Chapter Quiz

Date: Monday, November, 9

What is an electric charge?

if an atom doesn’t have an equal number of protons and electrons it has an electric charge

What is static eletricity?

An imbalnce of eletic charge on the surface of an object. These charges are called static charges becuase they remain at rest on the objects surface,

What is electron transfer?

When 2 neutral objects made up of diffrent materials come in contact, so the electrons can be transfered from one object to the other. Both objects then become electicly charged.

What is the law of eletric charges?

A charged object exerts an eletric force which can be either an attractive (pulling) or repilsive (pushing)

What happends when a charged object is brought close to a neutral object?

it induces the electrons to shift in position (induced charged separation)

What happens when a positively charged object comes close to a neutral object?

Positively charged objects will induce negative electrons in a neutral object to slightly move toward it

What happens when a negatively charged object comes close to a neutral object?

Negativiely charged objects will induce the negative electrons in the neutral object to slightly move away from it

What are the 2 common methods of chargeing by contact?

• Charging by Friction

• Charging by Conduction

What is charging by friction?

charging by friction occurs when electrons are transfered between 2 neutal objects when they are rubbed together

• one material is more likely to attract electrons and become negatively charged with the other material gives up electrons and becomes positively charged

What is Electrostatic Series

used to predict weather a material becomes positively charged or negitively charged

What does it mean if materials are at the top of the electrostatic series list

it means materials will lose electrons and become positively charged

What does it mean if materials are at the bottom of the electrostatic series list

it means materials will gain electrons and become negativiely charged

What is the diffrence between conduction and induction?

Conduction is when objects touch and induction is when objects don’t touch

What is charging by conduction?

charging bu conduction occurs when 2 objects touch and electrons move from one object

• a neutral object can become charged if it touches a charged object

• if the charged object is negativie, electrons move to the neurtal object

• if the charged object is positive, electrons move to the charged object

What is grounding?

grounding is when a charged object touches a large neurtal object (Earth), the charged object becomes grouded and losses its net charge

• Positive object: gains electrons from ground untill neutral

• Negativie object: Loses electron from ground untill neutral

What is a conductor?

A conductor is materials that allow the movement of electrons

(ex. copper, aluminum, salt water)

What is an Insulator?

An insulator is a material that prevents the movement of electrons

(ex. glass, rubber, plastic)

What is a semi conductor?

a semi conductor is materials that conduct electicity fairly well under certain condtions (ex. silicon)

Conductors:

• spacing

• made of

• where seen

• electrons are loosly held together so they are free to move around

• Usally metals

• Used un eletrial cords and appliances in our houses

Insulators:

• spacing

• made of

• used for

• protects us

• Electrons held tightly together so aren’t free to move around to neighbouring atoms

• Usally non-metals

• Electrial wires coated with insulating material (plastic)

• Protect us from electric shock and large amounts of electric charges form moving though our bodies

How do you charge objects temporarily by Induction

when a charged object is brought close to, but not toughing a neutral object, it’s electrons shift away ro toward the charged object

• when the charged object is move away the electrons in neutral object return to orignal poistion

How do you charge objects permanently

• Polarize the object: Bring a charged rod near a neutral object to separate its positive and negative charges.

• Ground the conductor: Touch the side opposite the rod with a ground wire or finger to allow electrons to enter or exit.

• Disconnect the ground: Remove the grounding source while keeping the rod in place to trap the new charge.

• Remove the rod: Pull the charged rod away, leaving the conductor permanently charged with the opposite sign of the rod.

What is electric discharge

is when charged objects are brought close together and electrons are transfereed

• electrons move from more negative charge to less negative charge

• seen as sparks

• the gretaer the charge imbalence, the longer the discharge will be

Explain how lightning is formed