PSIO 201 Lab - Unit II

two divisions of skeletal system

axial and appendicular

axial skeletal system consists of

skull, spinal cord, and thoracic cage

appendicular skeletal system consists of

lower and upper appendages contained in pectoral and pelvic girdles

meatus or canal

bony passageway

sinus

cavity within a bone

foramen

round or oval hole or opening

process

a bony projection

fissure

slit-like opening

groove

narrow channel

Tuberosity

elevated projection, with roughened surface

condyle

rounded projection

head

rounded expansion, connected to a narrow neck

tubercle

rounded projection or process

trochlea

pulley shaped articular process

epicondyle

elevated area, above a condyle

Trochanter

large, blunt, irregular surface (on femur only)

facet

smooth flat surface

crest

prominent narrow ridge

fossa

shallow depression

line

narrow ridge, less prominent than a crest

spine

slender, pointed projection

ramus

arm-like projection

cervical vertebrae

C1-C7

Atlas (C1)

First cervical vertebra, supports the skull.

Axis (C2)

second cervical vertebrae. Allows the head to shake "no"

thoracic vertebrae

T1-T12 (articulates with the ribs)

lumbar vertebrae

L1-L5 lower back

sacral/sacrum vertebrae

5 fused vertebrae, anchors bones of pelvic girdle

Coccyx

four vertebrae fused together to form the tailbone

vertebral body

pedicle

transverse process

lamina

spinous process

vertebral arch

vertebral foramen

superior articular process

inferior articular process

intervertebral foramen

Opening for spinal nerves between vertebrae.

odontoid process (dens)

process of the axis which passes through the vertebral foramen of the atlas

costal facets or demifacets

On lateral side of body and on sides of transverse processes

elongated spinous process (thoracic spine)

sacral canal

Base of sacrum

anterior sacral foramina

superior articular facet

apex of sacrum

posterior sacral foramina

median sacral crest

sacral hiatus

manubrium

jugular notch

clavicular notches

body of sternum

costal notches of sternum

sternal angle

xiphoid process

head of rib

tubercle of rib

body or shaft of rib

ribs 1-7 called

true ribs

ribs 8-12 called

false ribs

ribs 8-10 called

vertebrochondral ribs

ribs 11-12 called

false ribs

each rib articulates with ...

facets or demifacets on vertebrae.

thoracic vertebrae that start with "1" have .... ...... for rib articulation

full facets

rest of vertebrae 2-9 have

demifacets

frontal bone

supraorbital foramen

Opening above the eye socket for nerve and vessels.

parietal bones

Bones that form the sides and top of the cranium.

occipital bone

back of head

occipital condyle

connects to the superior articular facets of atlas vertebrae

foramen magnum of occipital bone

opening through which spinal cord connects to lower brain

external occipital protuberance

bump on back of head

temporal bone

bone that forms parts of the side of the skull and floor of the cranial activity. There is a right and left temporal bone.

external auditory meatus of temporal bone

tube-like opening for the ear canal

zygomatic process of temporal bone

articulates with the temporal process of zygomatic bone to form zygomatic arch

styloid process of temporal bone

attachment for muscles and ligaments of tongue and neck

mastoid process of temporal bone

mandibular fossa of temporal bone

articulates with the mandible

ethmoid bone

forms part of the posterior portion of the nose, the orbit, and the floor of the cranium

crista galli of ethmoid bone

projection for attachment of membranes covering brain

Cribform plate of ethmoid bone

forms the roof of the nasal cavity

olfactory foramina of ethmoid bone

holes in cribriform plate

perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone

forms superior part of nasal septum

middle nasal conchae of ethmoid bone

scroll-like projections on each lateral wall of nasal cavity

superior nasal conchae of ethmoid bone

most superior flap of the nose

sphenoid bone

forms part of the base of the skull and unites cranial and facial bones

sella turcica of sphenoid bone

houses the pituitary gland

greater wings of sphenoid bone

form anterior and lateral floor of cranial cavity

lesser wings of sphenoid bone

thin ridge of bone superior to greater wings from superior view

optic canal of sphenoid bone

passage way for optic nerve

maxillae

the two fused bones forming the upper jaw

alveoli of maxillae

tooth sockets

palatine process of maxilla

roof of the mouth

Mandible

lower jaw

body of mandible

horizontal portion of the mandible

rami of mandible

posterior branches, one on either side of the body of mandible

condylar processes of mandible

rounded processes on rami that articulate with temporal bone at the mandibular fossa to form the TMJ

coronoid process of mandible

projections of rami anterior to condylar processes