APUSH - Period 3

APUSH Unit 3 flashcards!

The Albany Plan of Union (1754)

Resulted in a proposed colonies representative council for recruiting troops & collecting taxes for the colonies defense, but it never went into effect.

• Colonists thought it had too much power over individual colonies,

• Parliament didn’t like so much unity

Proclamation of 1763

An act passed to stop further colonist conflict with Natives, all areas past the Appalachian mountains were prohibited. (And it was harder to control colonists if further out). (1763)

Response: colonists angered, “that’s OUR land!”

Sugar Act (1764)

An act that passed a tariff on imported sugar (merchants pay, not colonists) (1764)

Response: Smuggling grew and became bigger business in colonies

Currency Act (1764)

An act that forbade colonists from making their own money (to stop inflation) (1764)

Response: made it harder to access money —> stifled trade

Stamp Act (1765)

The British needed revenue to recover from extreme debt: a DIRECT tax that all colonists had to pay with every paper purchase (1765)

Response: SEVERE backlash! Boycotts and non-importation agreements were made against British goods. Petitions and violence to tax collectors and enforcers of the act, birth of Sons & Daughters of Liberty!

Townshend Duties (1767)

Act passed by Parliament to give new taxes on glass, paint, tea, paper to pay for British Officials in the colonies. A tax on IMPORTS. (1767)

Reaction: The idea of ‘no taxation w/out representation’, boycotting & no-importation agreements were started back up, petitions, etc.

Boston Massacre (1770)

British soldiers shot into a crowd of colonists who were throwing snowballs at them, leading to 5 colonists dead. (1770)

Reaction: colonial propaganda and word spread like wildfire, colonists enraged, set the war in motion

Tea Act (1773)

To ease the British financial burden (and to aid the bankrupt British East India Tea company), the an act passed that only allowed colonists to buy the British company’s tea. (1773)

Reaction: The Boston Tea Party! poured €10,000 worth of tea into Boston harbor. (mixed reviews from colonists). Put some businesses + smugglers out of business.

Quartering Act (1774)

Acts that forced colonists into providing housing + food for British soldiers--letting them into their homes. Later became just provided $ for barracks. Acts meant to clarify the British troops control + ability to quarter (1774)

Reaction: Colonists refused + protested, confused why troops were there with no one to fight

Coercive/Intolerable Acts (1774)

Acts passed in response to the Boston Tea Party: the Boston Port Act, Massachusetts Government Act, Admin of Justice, + a Quartering Act. All were a warning to the other colonies of the British power. (1774)

Reaction: took away more of their rights--ENRAGED the colonists! “If they did it to them, they’ll do it to us,”, ideals of Americans are not subject to British, the first Continental Congress, made a boycott + petition to King, colonial unity

Lexington & Concord (1775)

British troops met Minutemen when going to seize supplies, Paul Revere warned the minutemen resulting in fire between them at Lexington + Concord (April 1775)

49 colonists died and 73 British soldiers.

The Enlightenment

Ideas like rationalism, social contract, self-discovery, and political ideas from John Locke

Shaped colonists and leaders of the American Revol. and the writing of the DOI.

• religious freedom (Deism + colonial beliefs), human reason to understand the world + response to society's problems (Rationalism), the concept of making an agreement among ppl to form a gov. to promote liberty and equality (social contract)

“Common Sense” by Thomas Paine (1776)

A pamphlet with a loud and clear voice to the colonists arguing that the colonies should completely sever ties with Britain.

Spread like wildfire through the colonies and gained the revol. a lot of support.

The Olive Branch Petition (1775)

The Continental Congress sent a petition to the King pleading for forgiveness from the taxes and stating they were still loyal to Britain (1775)

-Uses passionate words rather than facts, it states how the colonies are loyal and want a healthy relationship with Britain.

“Common Sense” (1776)

With 500,000 copies sold Thomas Paine’s pamphlet made a HUGE case for pro-revol., “America is free..no kings”, very inspiring & made it hard for ppl to be on fence of whether to support or not (1776)

Post-Revolution impacts on society

• Women - denied voting rights, new system of Republican motherhood

• Slavery - denied rights stated that “all men” had

• Natives - no benefits

• World - inspired other democratic revolutions (French, Haiti)

Republican Motherhood

Women’s political duty to teach their sons the values and works of the new democratic Republic at home.

Key Battles of the American Revol.

• Battle of Trenton (1776)

• Battle of Saratoga (1777)

• Battle of Yorktown (1781)

Battle of Trenton (1776)

The continental army’s surprise attack after Christmas day on British + Hessian forces, causing them to surrender their post.

-Essential to boosting morale and trust in the American cause.

Battle of Saratoga (1777)

A battle forcing the surrender of General Burgoyne’s army of 6,000 to the Patriots that convinced the French to aid the American cause.

Battle of Yorktown (1781)

French + American forces joined to attack the British, leading to General Cornwallis’s surrender of his army of 8,000.

-Last battle of the war, after this point the British lost hope of succeeding.

Federalism

a system with a strong but limited central government

The Great Compromise

A compromise guaranteeing a bicameral Congress, a Senate with 2 representatives from each state, and a House of Representatives with representatives based on population

Three-Fifth’s Compromise

Counted each enslaved person as 3/5th’s of a person for voting rights and for how much the state should be taxes.

Electoral College System

A system where each state is assigned a number of electors based on the states total number of HOR and Senate representatives.

Bill of Rights

The first 10 Amendments to Constitution, to protect individual liberty & abuse from the federal and state governments

3 Branches of Government

Legislative, Executive, and Judicial

The Proclamation of Neutrality (1793)

Washington believed the young nation wasn’t strong enough to engage in a European war —> declared neutrality in the French Revolution

The Jay Treaty (1794)

Treaty made with Great Britain to end Britain’s attack on American’s ships & seamen and their occupation of US western posts.

-unpop. among Americans, but it kept peace

The Pinckney Treaty (1795)

With Spain, a treaty to establish: opened Mississippi River + New Orleans to trade, the right of deposit (to transfer cargos + not be charged) and Florida’s border

Whiskey Rebellion (1794)

To make more revenue, an excise tax (on whiskey) was passed. Farmers couldn’t pay it, so to ‘defend’ their liberties they attacked tax collectors

Wash. sent 15,000 state militia to take care of them, it worked and the rebellion ceased

Public Land Act (1796)

Established orderly processes for dividing + settling federal lands at moderate prices

-Additions of Kentucky (1792) & Tennessee (1796) Vermont (1791)

The XYZ Affair

Seeking a peaceful relationship w/ French, Adams sent delegation, certain French ministers (X,Y,Z) requested bribes as the basis for entering into negotiations —> Americans refused —>X,Y,Z made threats + their audacity enraged many Americans

-Some people called for war, Adams avoided war + sent new delegates

Naturalization Acts

Increased the # of years for immigrants to qualify as citizens from 5 →14 years

Alien Acts

Authorized the president to deport aliens considered dangerous + to detain enemy aliens in the time of war

Sedition Acts

Made it illegal for newspapers to criticize the President or Congress + imposed fines or imprisonment for people who violated that law

Kentucky + Virginia Resolutions

Kentucky + Virginia adopted a law that stated: if any act of the federal government broke their rights, a state could nullify the federal law

-In 1803, Supreme Court asserted their power in deciding whether federal laws were unconstitutional

Land Ordinance of 1785

Congress established a policy for selling western lands in standardized rectangular survey

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Granted limited self-government in the new northwest area, set aside land for schools, prohibited slavery in new territory, and dictated how western territories could become official states.

Shays’s Rebellion (1786)

Captain Shays (former veteran from war) led other farmers in an uprising against high taxes, imprisonment for debt, and not being paid for their effort in the war.

-Mass. militia + Washington stopped them, but it made people call for the need for a stronger government system.