Chapter 11: Human Resources Management

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the key concepts, legislation, and processes of Human Resources Management as discussed in Chapter 11.

Human Resource Management (HRM)

The strategic practice of managing an organization's workforce to achieve its goals effectively and efficiently, involving actions taken to attract, develop, and retain quality employees.

Strategic Human Resource Planning

The process of developing a plan for satisfying an organization's human resources needs by ensuring it has the right number of employees with the right skills at the right time.

HR Forecasting

The three-step process of identifying currently available human resources (supply), predicting future needs (demand), and measuring the shortage or surplus (gap).

Discrimination

Occurs when a person is treated unfairly based on a characteristic unrelated to ability.

Canadian Human Rights Act (CHRA)

A federal law that prohibits discrimination in workplaces within federal organizations or industries regulated by the federal government based on grounds like race, age, and sex.

Canada's Charter of Rights and Freedoms (CCRF)

A part of Canada's Constitution and the supreme law that protects every Canadian's right to equal treatment regarding employment regardless of factors like race or disability.

Employment Equity Act (EEA)

A proactive law from $1986$ that requires federally regulated employers to actively remove barriers for women, visible minorities, indigenous peoples, and people with disabilities.

Occupational Health and Safety Act (OHSA)

Legislation designed to ensure workers are provided with safe and healthy working conditions, outlining employer responsibilities and employee rights to refuse unsafe work.

Recruiting

The process of identifying suitable candidates and encouraging them to apply for openings in the organization.

Selection

The process of determining which people in the applicant pool possess the qualifications necessary to be successful on the job.

Job Analysis

The foundational step in recruitment that involves examining the tasks, responsibilities, skills, and qualifications needed for a position.

Job Description

A document resulting from job analysis that lists the specific duties and responsibilities of a position.

Job Specification

A document resulting from job analysis that lists the qualifications, including skills, knowledge, and abilities, needed to perform a job.

Contingent Workers

Individuals hired to supplement a permanent workforce, including independent contractors, consultants, freelancers, on-call workers, and temporary workers.

Successive Hurdles Approach

A variation of the selection process where an applicant must move past each step, or hurdle, to eventually receive a job offer.

Selection Interview

An in-depth discussion used to determine an applicant's communication skills, motivation, work experience, and abilities.

Bona Fide Occupational Requirement (BFOR)

A specific, justifiable requirement for a job that may permit testing (like drug testing for safety positions) that would otherwise be considered discriminatory.

Orientation

A program used to introduce new employees to the organization's people, policies, and procedures.

Onboarding

The process of integrating a chosen candidate into the organization to help them become effective members of the team.

Compliance Training

Training that covers the standards for a healthy working environment and teaches safety and accident prevention procedures.

Performance Appraisal

A three-step structured evaluation process consisting of setting goals, written ratings according to predetermined criteria, and a discussion to improve future performance.

360-Degree Feedback

An appraisal approach designed to ensure employees receive feedback from all directions, including supervisors, subordinates, coworkers, and sometimes customers.

IDEA

An acronym for Inclusion, Diversity, Equity, and Accessibility; a set of practices aimed at ensuring people from various backgrounds are represented and can thrive.

Equity

A process that ensures everyone has access to the same opportunities by acknowledging that privileges and barriers exist, resulting in unequal starting places.

Diversity

The presence of a wide range of people with different backgrounds, abilities, and attributes within an organization or community.

Job Rotation

The practice of allowing employees to rotate from one job to another on a systematic basis to develop new skills and reduce tedium.

Job Enlargement

The policy of enhancing a job by adding tasks at similar skill levels to make the work less boring.

Job Enrichment

The practice of adding tasks that enhance an employee's level of responsibility and opportunities for personal growth.

Work-Life Balance

The balance between personal and work life aimed at managing stress and burnout.

Telecommuting

A flexible work arrangement where an employee regularly works from home or another non-work location, connected to the office by technology.

Flextime

An arrangement allowing employees to set their own starting and quitting times within specific organizational guidelines.

Compressed Workweeks

A work schedule where an employee works longer daily hours (e.g., $10$ hours a day) for fewer days (e.g., $4$ days a week) to earn a longer weekend.

Job Sharing

An arrangement where two people share one full-time position, splitting the salary and benefits.

Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs)

Programs that provide confidential support for personal issues ranging from stress management to financial and legal advice.

Work Culture

The shared set of values, beliefs, and attitudes that guide an organization and reflect how customers and employees are treated.

Piecework

A compensation method that pays employees based on the quantity of products they complete.

Commission

A financial incentive that is typically a percentage paid on sales or deals closed.

Profit-Sharing Plan

An incentive program where an employee's share is paid annually as a percentage of earnings based on the company's net profit.

Stock-Option Plans

A benefit that gives employees the right to purchase shares of the company, often at a set price, as an incentive to add value to the organization.

Turnover

The permanent separation of an employee from a company, which can be voluntary or involuntary.

Voluntary Termination

Also known as voluntary resignation, this occurs when an employee chooses to leave their job of their own accord.

Involuntary Termination

Occurs when an employer ends an employee's employment without the employee's consent, such as due to poor performance or downsizing.

Union

A group of workers who join together to negotiate with an employer over pay, benefits, scheduling, and other workplace conditions.

Collective Bargaining

A formal negotiation process where union representatives and employers work together to create or renew a contract setting employment terms.

Strike

A collective work stoppage by employees to force an employer to agree to certain terms of employment.

Picketing

A labor tactic where workers gather outside a workplace to protest and persuade others to take industrial action.

Boycott

A nonviolent protest where workers encourage the public to refuse to buy a company's products or services to express disapproval.

Lockout

A tactic used by employers to prevent workers from entering the workplace until an agreement is reached.