CHW 4U Mid-Term Review 2026

A set of flashcards covering key terms and concepts from the CHW 4U mid-term review, focusing on political philosophy, historical revolutions, and definitions relevant to democracy.

Milkovich components of democracy

Three components necessary for a functioning democracy: a good public education system, a public that wishes to be informed, and an unbiased media.

Laissez-faire

An economic system where transactions between private groups are free from government intervention.

Utilitarianism

The doctrine stating that actions are right if they benefit the majority and promote happiness.

Social Contract Theory

The view that moral or political obligations depend upon an agreement among individuals to form society.

General Will

A collectively held will aimed at the common good, central to Rousseau's political philosophy.

Estates General

A legislative assembly in France representing the three estates of society: the clergy, nobility, and commoners.

Bourgeoisie

A social class comparable to the middle or upper middle class, characterized by affluence and cultural capital.

Jacobin

A member of a radical political club during the French Revolution, advocating for constitutional rights and the abolition of slavery.

Reign of Terror

A period during the French Revolution characterized by mass executions and state-sanctioned violence.

Declaration of the Rights of Man (1789)

A declaration proclaiming the natural, unalienable rights of man, such as liberty, property, and resistance to oppression.

Republic vs. Democracy

A republic allows elected representatives to make laws; a democracy follows the will of the majority.

Glorious Revolution

The events of 1688–89 that led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy in England.

Bill of Rights

A document signed during the Glorious Revolution that established constitutional principles and limited monarchical power.

Greater Fool Theory

An economic concept that suggests buying overvalued assets by speculating that someone else will pay more.

Aristocracy of the Mind

A contrasting concept to traditional aristocracy, emphasizing merit and individual value over inherited status.

William Wilberforce

An English social reformer known for his efforts against slavery and promoting moral education.

Five Values of Democracy (Alexis de Tocqueville)

Values identified by Tocqueville that characterize American democracy, focusing on individualism, egalitarianism, etc.

Comparative Revolution Analysis

A study showing ideological and operational differences between the American, French, and English Glorious Revolutions.