(DDS LEC) LESSON 6: SUPPOSITORIES, INSERTS, AND MEDICAL STICKS

_____________

• Latin: __________ meaning under and _________ meaning to place

• solid dosage form in which one or more active pharmaceutical ingredient are dispersed in a suitable base and molded into a suitable shape for insertion into body orifices such as rectal, oral, and urethral

• fusible dosage forms of various weights and shapes, usually medicated, for insertion into the rectum, vagina, or the urethra where they are to exert LOCAL or SYSTEMIC EFFECT.

• It should melt when inserted into the body

Suppositories
sub
ponere

Suppositories have been employed for 3 reasons:

1. -

2. -

3. - (like hemorrhoids)

Promote defecation

introduce drugs into the body

treat anorectal diseases

LOCAL

• Rectal suppositories intended for local action are frequently used to relieve constipation or the pain, irritation, itching and inflammation associated with ______________

• Example: Glycerin suppositories

• Vaginal suppositories are employed mainly as ____________, _____________, and specific agents for invasive pathogens

• Example: Nonoxynol-9, trichomonocides which combat vaginitis that is caused by _____________ and ___________________

• Urethral suppositories are used for ____________ or local _____________

hemorrhoids
contraceptives
antiseptics
candida albicans
trichomonas vaginitis
antibacterial
anesthetic

SYSTEMIC

• _______________ —> permit absorption of more soluble drugs as compared to other orifices

• The mucous membrane of the rectum permit absorption of many soluble drugs

rectal orifice

Thorazine suppository —> relieves ________ and ____________

nausea
vomiting

Morphine Sulfate suppositories —> _________________

opioid analgesic

Cafergot suppository —> Relieve ____________

migraine

Ondal —> relieve _________ and ____________

nausea
vomiting

Suppository bases plays an important role in the __________ of medication

Requirement: Bases should remain _________ at _______________ or ___C controlled room temperature but ________ readily at body temperature, ____ C.

release
solid
room temperature
25
dissolve
37

Morphine sulfate suppositories has _____________ which promotes slow release which leads to long effect

alginic acid

What are the 3 bases for suppositories?

1. -

2. -

3. -

Fatty or Oleaginous bases
Water soluble or water miscible bases
Miscellaneous bases

____________________

• MOST FREQUENTLY EMPLOYED SUPPOSITORY BASE

• Examples: palm oil, kernel oil, cotton seed oil, cocoa butter, NF

  • release rate is SLOWER

Fatty or Oleaginous bases

_______________________

• is a triglyceride which exhibits ______________ which exhibits several crystalline structure which has different melting points and properties

• from the roasted seed of __________________

• yellowish-white solid with agreeable chocolate-like odor at room temperature

• FORM 4 BETAA!!

Cocoa Butter, NF
polymorphism
theobroma cacao

____________________________

• composition: 20% granular gelatin, 70% gelatin, and 10% API

• _________________ is the base of choice for formulating VAGINAL SUPPOSITORIES as it does not dissolve in body temperature but will dissolve in ______________

• must be placed in a container that is impervious to liquids or vapors because they tend to absorb moisture

Water soluble or water miscible
Glycerinated gelatin
body fluids

__________________

• mixtures of oleaginous and water-soluble or water miscible materials

• _________________ - mixture of monostearate and distearate esters of mixed polyoxyethylene diols and free glycols

Miscellaneous bases
polyoxy 40 stearate

What are the 3 methods of preparation of suppositories?

1. -

2. -

3. -

Fusion or melt-molding
Compression molding
Hand rolling and shaping

___________________

• MOST COMMON METHOD

• Molds are made from stainless steel, aluminum, brass, and plastic

• capacity: ___, ____ to ________g

Fusion
Melt molding
6
12
50

___________________

• forcing the suppository mixture into special molds using suppository-making machines

• for drugs that are _________ and for drugs that are __________ in the base

compression molding
thermolabile
insoluble

________________

• TRADITIONAL METHOD

  • uses __________________

hand rolling and shaping
grated cocoa butter

What are the 3 types of suppositories?

1. -

2. -

3. -

Rectal suppository
Vaginal suppository
Urethral suppository

________________

• tapered at one or both ends

• _______ shaped

• Size:

Adult - ______ mm

Child - ______ mm

• Weight:

Adult: ____ g
Child: ____ g

Rectal suppository
bullet
32
16
2
1

________________

• is also referred to as _______________

• ________, conical, or oviform in shape

• Weight: ____ g

Vaginal suppository
pessary
globular
5

______________

• are also called __________________

• thinner and tapered; slender, __________-shaped

• Size:

Male: _________ mm
Female: _________ mm

• Weight

Male: ___ g
Female: ____ g

Urethral suppository
bougies
pencil
140
70
4
2

_____________________

• compressed tablets accompanied with a _______________

• disintegrates in the vagina after administration
  easy to manufacture, stable, and less messy than suppositories

Vaginal inserts
plastic inserter

__________________

• convenient form for administering ________________

• Prepared similar to suppositories except that the melt is poured into the administering device

Medication sticks
topical medication