Ancient Greek Civilization: The Hellenic Period and the Spartan Polis

Vocabulary flashcards covering the Hellenic revival, Greek city-state structures (Polis, Acropolis, Agora), and the societal and political organization of the Spartan warrior state.

Hellenic Period (Panahon ng Heleniko)

The era marking the resurgence of Greek civilization around 800 BC, following the conclusion of the Greek Dark Ages (Panahon ng Kadiliman).

Greek Colonies

Settlements established over a 300-year span across Asia Minor, Northern Africa, islands in the Aegean Sea, and along the Black Sea coast to expand trade and culture.

Polis

The independent city-states that emerged throughout Greece at the onset of the Hellenic Period.

Three Political Institutions of the Polis

The King (Hari), the Council (Sanggunian), and the Assembly of Free Men (Kapulungan ng mga Malayang Lalaki), which formed the governmental framework of a city-state.

Acropolis

A fortified structure typically built atop a hill or small mountain that served as the religious center of a polis, housing temples, altars, and public monuments.

Agora

An open square in a Greek polis, surrounded by public and governmental buildings, used as a central gathering area.

Peloponnesus

The southern region of Greece where the warrior city-state of Sparta was established.

Dorians

The founders of Sparta whose descendants formed the ruling class and were the only group legally permitted to bear arms.

Sparta

A prominent militaristic polis located in Peloponnesus whose primary civil goal was to produce disciplined and skilled soldiers.

Agoge (Spartan Military Training System)

The mandatory state education system where Spartan boys entered military barracks at age 7 and lived in training for 23 years until reaching age 30.

Spartan Citizenship Age

Age 30, the age at which Spartan men could leave barrack confinement to live as full citizens and participate in the assembly.

Helots

The enslaved class in Sparta, consisting of conquered local populations forced to perform agricultural labor.

Three Social Classes of Sparta

The descendants of the Dorians (Spartans), the free non-citizen inhabitants/merchants (mga malayang tao), and the enslaved helots.

Spartan Assembly (Asembleya)

The governing body composed of Spartan citizens aged 30 and older that held the authority to elect state leaders.

Spartan Council of Elders (Konseho ng Matatanda)

An influential ruling council consisting of 2 kings and 28 members who were all at least 60 years of age.

Ephors

A board of 5 elected officials who wielded the supreme executive authority in Spartan governance, surpassing the Council and Assembly.