Trends Of Hominins

Who made oldowan tools

Homo habilis

who made Acheulian tools

homo erectus

who made Mousterian tools

homo neanderthals

what are the names of the tools made by Homo sapiens

• Aurignactan tools

• Solutrean tools

• Magdalenian tools

how are oldowan tools made

made from items present in environment, some being shaped or sharpened by striking one stone with another

how are Acheulian tools made

made by flacking around all the edges, first in one direaction and then in the other

how would Acheulian tools be described

as bi faced lumps

how are mousterian tools made

through technique called Levallois technique

explain Levallois technique

large flake is removed from stone core, edges shaped and pressure flaking

what is hafting and which tool does it related to

• hafting is joining a handle to flaked tools

• relates to Mousterian tools

How are Aurignachian tools made

blades made by removing long, flat rectangles from core stone

how are Solutrean tools made

retouching blades produced from stone core by pressure flaking producing a willow leaf shape

what makes Magdalenian tools different from other tools

uses bone and antler over stone and flint

What is the trends seen with tools

• greater workmanship and complexity in design

• increased manipulation of material

• increased specialisation of tools

Describe the lifestyle of Homo habilis

• lived in grasslands and were hunter-gathers

• mainly ate plants

• had social organisation

what was significant lifestyle change for Homo erectus

• started using fires and building shelters

• became more independent of enviorment

what are the uses of fire

fires kept predators away, gave light and warmth and enabled cooking

Listing order of Hominins from earliest to recent

Australopithecus afarensis, Australopithecus africanus, Paranthropus robustus, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo neanderthals and Homo sapiens

what is the overall trend seen in Hominins

• decrease in molar size and robustness of teeth

• reduced prognathism and brow ridge

• increased cranial capacity

what are the features of australopithecus

• low forehead

• prognethism

• sagital crest in some

• long curved fingers with less mobile thumb

what features do all hominins have

• no diastema

• dental arcade is parabolic in shape

• canines are non-projecting

what is the cranial capacity for A.afarensis

430cm3

what is the cranial capacity for A.africanus

480cm3

what is the cranial capacity for paranthropus robustus

520 cm3

what is the cranial capacity for homo habilis

610cm3

what is the cranial capacity for homo erectus

1050cm3

what is the cranial capactiy for homo neanderthals

1500cm3

what is the cranial capacity for homo sapians

1350 cm3

what are the locations of where each hominin was found

• A.afarensis : east africa

• A.africanus: southern africa

• Paranthropus robustus: south africa

• Homo habilis: eastern and southern africa

• Homo erectus: africa and asia

• Homo neanderthal: europe and middle east

• Homo sapiens: world wide

what are the features of paranthropus robustus

• large sagital crest

• heavy brow ridge

• prognathism but less than Australopithians

what are the features of homo neanderthals

• occipital bun

• elongated skull

• heavy build

features of homo habilis

• rounder skull

• small brow ridge

• long arms, short legs

what features of the feet along for bipedal movement

• large well developed heel

• short, relatively straight toes

• big toe aligned with other toes

• broad feet

what dentetion features allow you to identify hominins

• parabolic dental arcade

• no diastema

• teeth more evenly sized

• non-projecting canines

what are shared features of Homo

• central forament magnum

• flatter face

• no sagittal crest

• opposable thumb

• broad pelvis

what are shared features of Australopithecians and Robustus

• narrow pelvis

• post central foramen magnum

• large face in comparison to cranium

• barrel shaped ribcage