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Neuron
Basic cell of the nervous system
Dendrites
Receive incoming signal from the soma
Cell body
Includes the nucleus
Axon
Action potential travels down this
Myelin Sheath
Speeds up signal down the axon
Terminals
Release neurotransmitters to send signals to the next neuron
Synapse
Gap between neurons where neurotransmitters are released
Action Potential
Movement of ions sending an electrical charge down the axon
All or None Law
Stimulus must trigger the action potential past its threshold
Refractory Period
Neuron must rest and reset before sending another action potential
Sensory Neurons
Receive signals
Motor Neurons
Send signals
Efferent Neurons
Signal exits
Central Nervous System
Brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System
Rest of the nervous system
Somatic Nervous System
Voluntary movement
Autonomic Nervous System
Involuntary functions
Neurotransmitters
Chemicals released in the synaptic gap
GABA
Major inhibitory neurotransmitter
Glutamate
Major excitatory neurotransmitter
Dopamine
Related to reward and movement
Serotonin
Affects moods and emotions
Acetylcholine (ACh)
Involved in memory
Epinephrine & Norepinephrine
Related to sympathetic nervous system arousal
Endorphins
Control pain and happiness
Oxytocin
Related to love and bonding
Agonist
Drug that mimics a neurotransmitter
Antagonist
Drug that blocks a neurotransmitter
Reuptake
Process where unused neurotransmitters are taken back into the sending neuron
SSRIs
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors used in depression treatment
