AP us government- Supreme court cases

Marbury V. Madison: What happened?

Jhon Adams rushed to appoint judges before Thomas Jefferson took office. Jeffersons team (Madison) refused to deliver paperwork for one of the judges (Marbury), so marbury sued

Marbury V. Madison: What were the constitutional questions

right to commission (legal right to get job), right to sue, the court powers

Marbury V. Madison: what was the ruling?

ruled against marbury in a 4-0 decision. Said marbury was in the right but taking it to court was unconstitutional.

Marbury V. Madison: What constitutional principles were applied?

Supremacy clause, judicial review.

mcculloch v. Maryland: What happened?

Congress made a second national bank. In 1818, the state of Maryland passed a law to impose taxes on the bank. Mcculloch refused to pay taxes so Maryland sued mcculloch.

mcculloch v. Maryland: what were the constitutional questions

did Congress have the authority to establish a national bank, did Maryland’s law unconstitutionally interfere with congressional powers

mcculloch v. Maryland: What was the ruling?

They ruled in favor of mcculloch. the courts said maryland could not tax on a national bank, and Congress had the power to create a bank.

mcculloch v. Maryland: what constitutional principle were applied

necessary and proper clause: ruled Congress has implied power to create a bank

United States V. Lopez: what happened?

Lopez a student brought a gun to his highschool. He was charged under Texas law, but those charges were dropped when the federal court tried him instead under the guns free act of 1990.

United States V. Lopez: what was the constitutional questions?

Did Congress exceed commerce clause by banning guns in school zones under the guns free act?

United States V. Lopez: what was the ruling?

the ruled in favor of Lopez saying that guns should be a state issue and doesn’t fall under the commerce clause.

United States V. Lopez:What constitutional principles were applied?

Commerce clause: Guns do not fall under the commerce clause

United States V. Lopez: what was the dissenting opinion?

that guns fall under commerce clause because gun violence ruins education therefore ruining the economy.

Baker V. carr: What happened?

tennessee had not updated their district map in 60 years meaning large cities had the same power as small rural ones. A city voter names Charles baker sued the sates elected official (Joe carr)

Baker V. carr: what were the constitutional questions?

Do federal courts have legal authority to decide if a states voting map is fair?

Baker V. carr: what was the ruling?

in favor of the city voters (Baker) 6-2.

Baker V. carr: what constitutional principles were applied?

fourteenth ammendment :unfair voting districts violate a citizen's right to equal treatment under the law.

Baker V. carr: what was the dissenting opinion

-courts were overstepping

-judges cannot re-enforce state maps

-as long as people can vote the map should be left up to the state

Shaw V. Reno: What happened?

the federal government rejected north carolina’s initial voting map because it lacked more than one majority black district, prompting them to draw a new map. White voters in North Carolina (shaw) challenged a new congressional district map that created two majority-Black districts, arguing the oddly shaped lines were drawn solely based on race.

Shaw V. Reno: what were the constitutional questions?

did north carolina create a racially gerrymandered district and did it raise an issue with the 14th amendments equal protection clause?

Shaw V. Reno: what was the ruling?

the supreme court agreed with the white voters (shaw) 5-4

Shaw V. Reno: what were the dissenting opinions?

nobody was getting hurt with the map, the goal was to help; not hurt, and states should look at racial data when making maps.

Shaw V. Reno: what constitutional principles were applied

14th amendment: drawing such a weird map solely to reperate by race counted as racial segregation.