Introduction to Work-Related Road Safety (WRRS)

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering Malaysian Work-Related Road Safety (WRRS) legislation, accident statistics, Safe System and Vision Zero principles, DOSH and SPAD industry codes of practice, and ISO 39001/39002 standards.

Work-Related Road Safety (WRRS)

The safety management framework covering occupations that heavily rely on motor vehicles for mobility between locations or involve work performed on or near roadways.

Commuting Accident (Kemalangan Semasa Perjalanan)

An accident defined under Section 24 of the Employees' Social Security Act 1969 (Akta Keselamatan Sosial Pekerja 1969) deemed to occur during employment when travelling between residence and workplace, travelling for work-related duties, or travelling during authorized meal breaks.

Value of Statistical Life (VOSL)

An economic metric used to estimate the monetary benefit of preventing a fatality in a road accident, accounting for lost individual productivity, earnings, and medical healthcare expenditures ($\text{RM }3.12\text{ million}$ per fatality according to MIROS in $2023$).

Value of Serious Injury (VOSI)

An economic metric applied in cost-benefit analyses to estimate the value society places on preventing a serious injury resulting from a road crash.

Iceberg Theory of Road Crashes

A concept illustrating that obvious direct consequences such as death, injury, and vehicle damage represent only $1/10$ of the total impact, while hidden impacts like lost productivity, retraining costs, investigation time, psychological distress, and social problems constitute $9/10$.

Rumar's Crash Causation Model (1985)

A traffic safety model establishing that human factors contribute to $93\%$ of all road crashes, consisting of $57\%$ driver-only error and $36\%$ interaction between the driver, vehicle, and roadway.

Safe System Approach (Pendekatan Sistem Selamat)

A holistic road safety paradigm based on the principle of human physical tolerance to impact energy, acknowledging that road users make mistakes and designing safer road users, safer vehicles, and safer road infrastructure to prevent fatal and serious injuries.

Vision Zero (Visi Sifar)

A safety philosophy contrasting traditional views by asserting that road deaths are preventable, taking human error into account, aiming to eliminate fatalities and serious injuries through a shared systemic responsibility rather than solely placing blame on individuals.

Industry Code of Practice for Road Transport Activities 2010

A code gazetted under sub-section 37(4) of the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (AKKP 1994 / Act 514) to protect workers and the public from road transport hazards across all industries listed in the First Schedule.

Four Key Pillars of ICOP Road Transport Activities 2010

The essential operational programs mandated by the Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH/JKKP): Occupational Safety & Health Program, Driver Management, Vehicle Management, and Journey Management.

Driver Management (Pengurusan Pemandu)

The operational protocol governing recruitment, driver classification, continuous competency training, scheduling and driving procedures, health and welfare monitoring, and termination.

Vehicle Management (Pengurusan Kenderaan)

The system ensuring vehicles remain in safe roadworthy condition through procurement specifications, safety equipment, safe cargo loading, daily inspections, defect reporting, scheduled maintenance, and record-keeping.

Journey Management (Pengurusan Perjalanan)

The systematic control of trips including hazard mapping, risk assessment, rest and service area (R&R) planning, accident insurance coverage, operating procedures compliance, incident investigation, and continuous monitoring.

SPAD ICOP - Safety (Kod Amalan Industri SPAD - Keselamatan)

Mandatory licensing conditions under the Land Public Transport Act 2010 (APAD 2010) enforcing safety practices across five main domains: Operator Responsibility, Driver Management, Vehicle Management, Risk Management, and Records Management.

Guidelines on Occupational Safety and Health in Courier Services Industry 2015

DOSH guidelines recommending good technical practices to reduce work-related accidents and injuries specifically across parcel receiving, sorting and warehousing, and delivery stages.

MS ISO 39001:2013

An international management standard (RTSMS) specifying requirements to help organizations reduce and ultimately eliminate the incidence and risk of road traffic-related deaths and serious injuries.

ISO 39002:2020

An international standard published in April $2020$ outlining good practices and guidance for organizations, transport operators, and schools to implement effective commuting safety management.

Commuting Safety Support Program (CSSP)

A smart partnership initiative launched in $2017$ by SOCSO (PERKESO) and MIROS assisting employers in implementing commuting road safety management, benefiting $421$ participating organizations through $2024$.

ESCAPE Programme

The Standards Compliance Stewardship Programme for Enterprises organized by the Department of Standards Malaysia (JSM) to guide companies through interpretation, implementation, documentation, and internal auditing for MS ISO 39001 certification.