ch14 medterm: musculoskeletal system

bone

organ made of hard CT with dense outer layer and spongy inner layer

periosteum

outermost layer of the bone made of fibrous tissue

compact bone

dense, hard layers of bone tissue that lie under periosteum

cancellous bone

spongy bone that houses bone marrow, encased in compact bone

endosteum

membranous lining of the hollow cavity of the bone

maxilla

upper jawbone

mandible

lower jawbone

diaphysis

middle section (shaft) of long bone

epiphysis

end of each long bone

bone marrow

material found in the cavities of bones

red marrow

blood cell formation

yellow marrow

soft, fatty material found in medullary cavity of long bones

maxilla

upper jawbone

mandible

lower jawbone

Vertebral column

curved structure, made of bones called vertebrae through which the spinal cord runs

cervical vertebrae (C1-C7)

first set of seven vertebrae, forming the neck

Thoracic vertebrae

second set of 12 vertebrae, articulate with 12 pairs of ribs to form the outward curve of the spine

Lumbar vertebrae

third set of five large, larger vertebrae, which forms the inward curve of the spine

Sacrum

next five vertebrae, fused together

coccyx

four vertebrae fused together to form the tailbone

Laminae

flat plates of bone that formed the vertebral arch

Clavicle

Collarbone

Scapula

Shoulder blade

Acromion process

Extension of the scapula, which forms the superior point of the shoulder

Sternum

Breast bone

xiphoid process

lower portion of the sternum

humerus

Upper arm bone

Ulna and radius

Lower arm bones

olecranon process

projection at the proximal end of the ulna that forms the bony part of the elbow

Carpal bones

Wrist bones

Metacarpal bones

Hand bones

phalanx (pl. phalanges)

Finger and toe bones

Pelvis

Bowl like structure made up of three bones fused together

ischium

lower, posterior portion of the pelvis

ilium

upper, winged part on each side of the pelvis

pubis

anterior portion of the pelvis

acetabulum

large socket of the pelvis for the head of the femur

femur

upper leg bone

tibia and fibula

lower leg bones

patella

kneecap

tarsal bones

ankle bones

calcaneous

heel bone

metatarsal bones

foot bones

joint

junction of two or more bones

cartilage

firm CT primarily found in joints

meniscus

crescent shaped cartilage found in some joints

intervertebral disk

cartilaginous pad found between the vertebrae in the spine

pubic symphysis

cartilaginous joint in which two pubic bones come together anteriorly

synovia

fluid secreted by synovial membrane and found in joint cavities

bursa (pl. bursae)

fluid filled sac that allows for easy mvmt of one part of a joint over another

ligament

flexible, tough hand of fibrous CT that attaches one bone to another at a joint

tendon

band of fibrous CT that attaches muscle to bone

aponeurosis

strong sheet of tissue that acts as a tendon to attach muscles to bone

muscle

tissue specialized to produce movement

fascia

band or sheet of CT that encloses muscles and separates their layers

skeletal muscles

attached to bones by tendons and make body mvmt possible

smooth muscles

located in internal organs such as walls of blood vessels and GI tract

cardiac muscle

forms most of the wall of the heart

carp/o

carpals (wrist)

clavicul/o

clavicle

cost/o

rib

crani/o

cranium (skull)

femor/o

femur

fibul/o

fibula

humer/o

humerus

ili/o

illium

ischi/o

ischium

lumb/o

lumbar region of spine

maxill/o

maxilla

myel/o

bone marrow

oste/o

bone

patell/o

patella (kneecap)

pelv/i

pelvis, pelvic cavity

phalang/o

phalanx

pub/o

pubis

rachi/o

vertebra

radi/o

radius

sacr/o

sacrum

scapul/o

scapula

spondyl/o

vertebra, spine, vertebral column

stern/o

sternum

tars/o

tarsals

tibi/o

tibia

uln/o

ulna

vertebr/o

vertebra, spine, vertebral column

arthr/o

joint

burs/o

bursa (cavity)

chondr/o

cartilage

disc/o

intervertebral disk

fasci/o

fascia (CT enclosing and separating muscle layers)

lamin/o

lamina (thin, flat plate or layer)

menisc/o

meniscus (cresent)

my/o

muscles, muscle tissue

myos/o

muscles, muscle tissue

synovi/o

synovia, synovial membrane

tendin/o

tendon

ten/o

tendon

ankyl/o

stiff, bent

electr/o

electricity, electrical activity

hem/o

blood